Simultaneous vegetation of opportunistic oral microorganisms in chronic periodontitis with recurrent course

Abstract

Aim. To evaluate clinical significance of simultaneous vegetation by conducting microbiological research of the species composition in the periodontal pockets and on the surface of the tongue root and back in chronic (generalized) periodontitis.Materials and methods. A prospective microbiological analysis of clinically significant species of opportunistic microorganisms in pathological periodontal pockets and the microbiome of the tongue root and back, in chronic (generalized) periodontitis of mild, moderate and severe degree, was carried out in 88 patients of the WHO key group, aged 35–44 (CI 95% 34.8–44.3), of the Unistom Dental Clinic of the Far Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk Krai, for the period 2016–2019.Results. The species composition of opportunistic microorganisms in the biotopes of the pathological periodontal pockets and tongue root and back was the same in chronic periodontitis, with a mean value of 89.7% ±2.9% (CI 95% 85.8–94.4). The mean value of the number of species of clinically significant opportunistic microorganisms in the periodontal pockets and root and back of the tongue in associations accounted for 3.9 (CI 95% 1.8–5.4). Bacteria of the genus Leptotrichia were detected simultaneously in periodontal pockets and on the root and back of the tongue in clinically significant associations with Staphylococcus aureus (CI 95% 37.3–65.4), mean Shannon index H value 3.1 ± 0.4; mean Simpson index C value 0.39 ± 0. Bacteria of the genus Leptotrichia in association with Streptococcus pyogenes (CI 95% 35.8–79.3), mean Shannon index H 2.9 ± 0.3; mean value of the Simpson index C 0.28 ± 0.06, reliably support the recurrent course of the opportunistic infectious and inflammatory process in the periodontium. The dominant role of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes in the biotopes of periodontal pockets and the root and back of the tongue in exacerbations of chronic periodontitis has been established. Titre of opportunistic microorganisms in pathological periodontal pockets of 2–5lgCFU (colony-forming units) in mild and moderate degree of severity is 1–2 order lower than titre of opportunistic microorganisms in root and back of the tongue of 4–6lgCFU (95% CI 2.1–6.5).Conclusions. Evaluation of simultaneous vegetation of opportunistic microorganisms in the oral microbiome provides a means for improving laboratory (microbiological) diagnostics in chronic periodontitis and applying a non-invasive microbiological method for indirect diagnosis of the species composition of opportunistic microorganisms in periodontal pockets according to the composition of opportunistic microorganisms of the root and back of the tongue in chronic periodontitis for prophylaxis and treatment personalization.