Staging Work in the Corporatist State. Visual Propaganda in Fascist Italy and Peronist Argentina (1922-1955)

Q4 Arts and Humanities
Katharina Schembs
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Abstract

Starting in 1922, Benito Mussolini (1922-1943) reformed Italian labour relations by adopting corporatism. As such, he served as a model for many other heads of state in search of ways out of economic crisis. When the corporatist model spread throughout Latin America in the 1930s and 1940s, the Argentine president Juan Domingo Perón (1946-1955) drew significantly on the Italian precedent. Adhering to an aestheticised concept of politics and making use of modern mass media, both regimes advertised corporatism in their respective visual propaganda, in which the worker came to play a prominent role. The article analyses parallels and differences in the formation of political identities in fascist and Peronist visual media that under both corporatist regimes centred around work. Comparing different role models as they were designed for different members of society, I argue that – apart from gender roles where Peronism resorted to similarly traditional images – Peronist propaganda messages were more future-oriented and inclusive. Racist exclusions of parts of the population from the central worker identity that increasingly characterised fascist propaganda over the course of the 1930s were not adopted in Argentina after 1945. Instead, in state visual media the category of work in its inclusionary dimension served as a promise of belonging to the Peronist community.
社团主义国家的分期工作。法西斯意大利和庇隆主义阿根廷的视觉宣传(1922-1955)
从1922年开始,贝尼托·墨索里尼(1922-1943)通过采用社团主义改革了意大利的劳资关系。因此,他成为许多其他国家元首寻求摆脱经济危机的榜样。当社团主义模式在20世纪30年代和40年代传遍拉丁美洲时,阿根廷总统胡安•多明戈Perón(1946-1955)大量借鉴了意大利的先例。两个政权都坚持审美化的政治概念,并利用现代大众媒体,在各自的视觉宣传中宣传社团主义,工人在其中发挥了突出作用。本文分析了法西斯主义和庇隆主义视觉媒体政治身份形成的相似之处和差异,这两个社团主义政权都以工作为中心。比较不同的角色模型,因为它们是为不同的社会成员设计的,我认为,除了性别角色,庇隆主义诉诸类似的传统形象之外,庇隆主义的宣传信息更面向未来和包容。在20世纪30年代,法西斯主义宣传中越来越多地将部分人口排除在中央工人身份之外的种族主义做法,在1945年后的阿根廷没有被采纳。相反,在国家视觉媒体中,工作类别在其包容性方面充当了属于庇隆主义社区的承诺。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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