Mapping the patchy legislative landscape of non-native tree species in Europe

IF 3 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forestry Pub Date : 2020-08-03 DOI:10.1093/forestry/cpaa009

E. Pötzelsberger, K. Lapin, G. Brundu, T. Adriaens, V. Andonovski, S. Andrašev, J. Bastien, R. Brus, M. Čurović, Željka Čurović, B. Cvjetković, Martina Đodan, Juan M. Domingo-Santos, A. Gazda, J. Henin, C. Hernea, B. Karlsson, L. Keča, S. Keren, Z. Keserű, Thomai Konstantara, Johan Kroon, Nicola La Porta, V. Lavnyy, D. Lazdiņa, A. Lukjanova, Tiit Maaten, P. Madsen, Dejan Mandjukovski, Francisco J Marín Pageo, V. Marozas, A. Martiník, W. Mason, F. Mohren, M. C. Monteverdi, Charalambos Neophytou, P. Neville, V. Nicolescu, P. Nygaard, C. Orazio, T. Parpan, S. Perić, K. Petkova, E. Popov, M. Power, K. Rédei, M. Rousi, Joaquim S. Silva, A. Sıvacıoğlu, M. Socratous, L. Straigytė, J. Urban, K. Vandekerkhove, R. Wąsik, M. Westergren, T. Wohlgemuth, T. Ylioja, H. Hasenauer

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引用次数: 17

Abstract

Europe has a history rich in examples of successful and problematic introductions of trees with a native origin outside of Europe (non-native trees, NNT). Many international legal frameworks such as treaties and conventions and also the European Union have responded to the global concern about potential negative impacts of NNT that may become invasive in natural ecosystems. It is, however, national and regional legislation in particular that affects current and future management decisions in the forest sector and shapes the landscapes of Europe. We identified all relevant legal instruments regulating NNT, the different legal approaches and the regulatory intensity in 40 European countries (no microstates). Information on hard and effective soft law instruments were collected by means of a targeted questionnaire and consultation of international and national legislation information systems and databases. In total, 335 relevant legal instruments were in place in June/July 2019 to regulate the use of NNT in the investigated 116 geopolitical legal units (countries as well as sub-national regions with their own legislation). Countries and regions were empirically categorized according to ad hoc-defined legislation indicators. These indicators pay respect to the general bans on the introduction of non-native species, the generally allowed and prohibited NNT, approval mechanisms and specific areas or cases where NNT are restricted or prohibited. Our study revealed a very diverse landscape of legal frameworks across Europe, with a large variety of approaches to regulating NNT being pursued and the intensity of restriction ranging from very few restrictions on species choice and plantation surface area to the complete banning of NNT from forests. The main conclusion is that there is a clear need for more co-ordinated, science-based policies both at the local and international levels to enhance the advantages of NNT and mitigate potential negative effects.

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绘制欧洲非本地树种的立法景观

欧洲在引进欧洲以外的原生树木(非原生树木，NNT)方面有着丰富的成功和有问题的例子。许多国际法律框架，如条约和公约，以及欧洲联盟，都对全球对NNT可能成为自然生态系统侵入性的潜在负面影响的关注作出了回应。然而，影响森林部门当前和未来管理决策并塑造欧洲景观的是国家和区域立法。我们确定了40个欧洲国家(不包括微观国家)监管NNT的所有相关法律文书、不同的法律方法和监管强度。通过有针对性的问题单和国际和国家立法资料系统和数据库的协商收集了关于硬法律文书和有效软法律文书的资料。2019年6月至7月期间，共有335份相关法律文书到位，以规范被调查的116个地缘政治法律单位(国家以及有自己立法的次国家区域)对NNT的使用。根据特别定义的立法指标对国家和地区进行了经验分类。这些指标涉及一般禁止引进非本地物种、一般允许和禁止的非本地物种保护区、批准机制以及限制或禁止非本地物种保护区的特定地区或情况。我们的研究揭示了整个欧洲的法律框架非常多样化，有各种各样的方法来调节NNT，限制的强度从对物种选择和种植园面积的很少限制到完全禁止NNT进入森林。主要的结论是，在地方和国际层面都明显需要更加协调的、基于科学的政策，以增强NNT的优势并减轻潜在的负面影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Forestry 农林科学-林学

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

7.10%

发文量

审稿时长

12-24 weeks

期刊介绍： The journal is inclusive of all subjects, geographical zones and study locations, including trees in urban environments, plantations and natural forests. We welcome papers that consider economic, environmental and social factors and, in particular, studies that take an integrated approach to sustainable management. In considering suitability for publication, attention is given to the originality of contributions and their likely impact on policy and practice, as well as their contribution to the development of knowledge. Special Issues - each year one edition of Forestry will be a Special Issue and will focus on one subject in detail; this will usually be by publication of the proceedings of an international meeting.