Volcanic Outgassing of Volatile Trace Metals

IF 11.3 1区 地球科学 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
M. Edmonds, E. Mason, Olivia R. Hogg
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

Volcanoes play a key role in the cycling of volatile metals (e.g., chalcophile elements such as Tl, Pb, and Cu and metalloids such as As, Te, and Se) on our planet. Volatile metals and metalloids are outgassed by active volcanoes, forming particulate volcanic plumes that deliver them in reactive form to the environment, where they may be nutrients (e.g., Cu and Zn) or pollutants (e.g., Hg, As, Pb). Volcanic outgassing rates of these elements compare to those associated with building ore deposits in the crust and to anthropogenic emission rates. There are distinct compositional differences between volcanic plumes in different tectonic settings, related to the enrichment of arc magmas in metals transported in slab fluids, metal speciation, and partitioning between silicate melt, vapor, and magmatic sulfide. Volcanic gases have compositions similar to those of quartz-hosted fluid inclusions found in mineralized granites, albeit with a lower density and salinity. Volatile volcanic metals are transported as soluble aerosols in volcanic plumes and may persist for hundreds of kilometers in the troposphere. Volcanic metal chloride aerosols in tropospheric volcanic plumes at high latitudes are recorded in ice cores. ▪ Volcanoes emit significant fluxes of volatile trace metals such as Cu, Tl, and Pb, as gases and particulates, to the surface environment. ▪ There is a distinct metal compositional fingerprint in volcanic and hydrothermal plumes at subduction and hotspot volcanoes and mid-ocean ridges, controlled by magma and fluid chemistry. ▪ Volcanic gases are the less saline equivalent of the fluids forming economic porphyry deposits of chalcophile metals (e.g., Cu) in the crust. ▪ The metals in tropospheric volcanic plumes may be rained out near the vent, but in dry environments they may persist for thousands of kilometers and be deposited in ice cores.
挥发性微量金属的火山喷发
火山在地球上挥发性金属(如亲铜元素如Tl、Pb和Cu以及类金属如as、Te和Se)的循环中起着关键作用。活火山释放出挥发性金属和类金属,形成颗粒状火山柱,以活性形式将它们输送到环境中,在那里它们可能是营养物质(如Cu和Zn)或污染物(如Hg、As、Pb)。这些元素的火山释放速率与地壳中建造矿床和人为排放率相比较。不同构造背景下火山柱的成分差异明显,这与弧岩浆在板块流体中金属的富集、金属的形成以及硅酸盐熔体、蒸汽和岩浆硫化物的划分有关。火山气体的成分类似于矿化花岗岩中含有石英的流体包裹体,尽管密度和盐度较低。挥发性的火山金属在火山柱中以可溶性气溶胶的形式运输,并可能在对流层中持续数百公里。高纬度地区对流层火山柱中的火山金属氯化物气溶胶记录在冰芯中。▪火山以气体和微粒的形式向地表环境释放大量挥发性微量金属,如Cu、Tl和Pb。▪在俯冲、热点火山和洋中脊的火山和热液柱中存在明显的金属成分指纹,受岩浆和流体化学控制。▪火山气体的含盐量较低,相当于地壳中形成亲铜金属(如Cu)经济斑岩矿床的流体。▪对流层火山柱中的金属可能在火山口附近被雨水排出,但在干燥的环境中,它们可能会持续数千公里,并沉积在冰芯中。
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来源期刊
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 地学天文-地球科学综合
CiteScore
25.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
25
期刊介绍: Since its establishment in 1973, the Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences has been dedicated to providing comprehensive coverage of advancements in the field. This esteemed publication examines various aspects of earth and planetary sciences, encompassing climate, environment, geological hazards, planet formation, and the evolution of life. To ensure wider accessibility, the latest volume of the journal has transitioned from a gated model to open access through the Subscribe to Open program by Annual Reviews. Consequently, all articles published in this volume are now available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
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