Effect of intravenous magnesium on post-operative pain following Latarjet shoulder reconstruction.

Abstract

Background: Single injection ropivacaine interscalene anesthesia (ISA) is frequently used in Latarjet reconstruction to enhance post-operative analgesia. A potential limitation is the occurrence of severe rebound pain on block resolution. We investigated the effect of intravenous magnesium on post-operative pain, particularly at the transition of block resolution to multimodal analgesia.

Methods: Elective patients (n = 40) having Latarjet open shoulder reconstruction were randomised to receive either intravenous magnesium sulphate 50 mg/kg (M) or normal saline (S) before induction. Post-operatively, a standardised analgesic regimen was used, and post-operative pain was recorded using a verbal numerical rating assessment (VNRA) score. Requirement for injected opioid analgesia was recorded.

Results: ISA provided longstanding analgesia in all patients with block duration slightly prolonged in the magnesium group (16.7(1.0) (S), 17.8(1.3) h (M), p = 0.049). Magnesium resulted in less rebound pain following ISA resolution (VNRA 4.0 (0.6) M, 6.2 (0.8) S, p = 0.03) and lower pain intensity at 24 h. Four patients had nausea and two required rescue opioid injection.

Conclusion: Magnesium before Latarjet surgery results in less rebound pain following ropivacaine block and improves post-operative analgesia. Magnesium may be indicated in major upper limb surgery, where significant pain intensity is anticipated.

Level of evidence: Treatment study; Randomised blinded; Level 2.