Effects of exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles in freshwater mussels in the presence of municipal effluents

IF 1.2 4区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

ISJ-Invertebrate Survival Journal Pub Date : 2016-05-12 DOI:10.25431/1824-307X/ISJ.V13I1.140-152

C. Gagnon, M. Pilote, P. Turcotte, C. André, F. Gagné

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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) nanoparticles are used in the production of transparent sunscreens and cosmetics, which are released into surface waters and municipal wastewater effluent. The purpose of this study was to examine the toxicity of nano-ZnO in the presence of municipal effluents to freshwater mussels Elliptio complanata. Mussels were exposed for 21 days at 15 o C to nano-ZnO and ZnCl2 in the presence of 10 % dilution of primary-treated municipal effluent. After the exposure period and 24-h depuration step, mussels were analyzed for total Zn in gills and digestive gland, free Zn, metallothioneins (MT), oxidative stress (glutathione S-transferase and LPO), endoplasmic reticulum stress (heat shock proteins and protein ubiquitination) and genotoxicity. The data revealed that although total Zn loadings did not change with these treatments, Zn levels in digestive gland were elevated in mussels exposed to nano-ZnO but not with ZnCl2 in the presence of municipal effluent. Free Zn levels in the gills were elevated in mussels exposed to the municipal effluent, but decreased in mussels exposed to nano-ZnO. MT in digestive gland showed a similar pattern and was negatively associated with free and total Zn. GST activity was significantly reduced by both nano-ZnO and municipal effluent and was negatively correlated with MT levels, suggesting the involvement of MT in the sequestration of reactive oxygen species. Discriminant function analysis showed that the municipal effluent related effects differed from the unexposed mussels and nano-ZnO exposed mussels in terms of the following responses: free Zn in gills and digestive gland and GST activity. Nano-ZnO related effects also involved GST activity, MT and protein ubiquitination, which suggests a combination of oxidative stress and reticulum endoplasmic stress. In respect with oxidative stress, the oxidative properties of nano-ZnO and ZnCl2 are dampened in the presence of the municipal effluent.

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城市污水中淡水贻贝暴露于氧化锌纳米颗粒的影响

氧化锌(纳米氧化锌)纳米颗粒用于生产透明防晒霜和化妆品，这些产品被排放到地表水和城市污水中。本研究的目的是研究城市污水中纳米氧化锌对淡水贻贝的毒性。贻贝在15℃下暴露于纳米zno和ZnCl2中21天，存在10%稀释的初级处理的城市污水。在处理和净化24 h后，分析贻贝鳃和消化腺中总锌、游离锌、金属硫蛋白(MT)、氧化应激(谷胱甘肽s -转移酶和LPO)、内质网应激(热休克蛋白和蛋白泛素化)和遗传毒性。数据显示，尽管这些处理没有改变锌的总负荷，但在城市污水中暴露于纳米zno的贻贝消化腺中的锌水平升高，而在城市污水中暴露于ZnCl2则没有。暴露于城市污水的贻贝鳃中游离锌水平升高，而暴露于纳米zno的贻贝鳃中游离锌水平降低。消化腺MT与游离锌和总锌呈负相关。纳米氧化锌和城市污水显著降低了GST活性，并与MT水平呈负相关，表明MT参与了活性氧的固存。判别函数分析表明，城市污水对贻贝的影响在鳃和消化腺游离锌和GST活性方面与未暴露贻贝和纳米氧化锌暴露贻贝不同。纳米氧化锌的相关效应还涉及GST活性、MT和蛋白质泛素化，这表明氧化应激和网状内质应激相结合。在氧化应激方面，在城市污水的存在下，纳米zno和ZnCl2的氧化性能受到抑制。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

ISJ-Invertebrate Survival Journal IMMUNOLOGY-ZOOLOGY

CiteScore

2.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Invertebrate Survival Journal (ISJ) is an international and open access journal devoted to prompt and innovative studies on the basic defense mechanisms in invertebrates, in particular with a view to identifying biotechnologies able to act against derived diseases and related economic damage. Contributions will be mainly in the form of Letters to the Editor, Visions and Perspectives, Short Communications, Technical Reports, Research Reports, Review, Minireview and Reports of Meetings. Letters to the Editor can be commentaries or perspectives on invertebrate defence mechanisms or replies to the data published in ISJ.