Analytical Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Agriculture Purposes in Al-Jouf Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Ahmed Nazal Al-Shemary, Khalid Dawi Al-Otabi, Abdulrasoul Mosa Al-Omran
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Abstract

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) primarily relies depends mainly on groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. The study was therefore aimed to identify groundwater quality in Al-Jouf Region, KSA using water quality index (DWQI). In addition, investigating the hydro-chemical characteristics that control the groundwater quality. Groundwater samples were collected from 150 groundwater wells at a 300-500 m depth and subjected for chemical analysis. The values of chemical constituents were compared with the KSA and World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking and irrigation purposes. The results indicated that, the concentrations of ions were within the ranges of KSA for drinking water and WHO. Based on DWQI data, for drinking water about 23.9% of the wells were within poor water category (III), while 9.91% was very poor water within (IV) group, 45.6% is good water of group (II) and 20.5% is excellent water within category (I). Regarding the evaluation of water quality, the estimated DWQI values for the 150 well waters in Al-Jouf, region ranged from 40.7 to 319. About 23.9% of wells were considered poor water “class (III)”, 9.9% were very poor water “class (IV)”, 45.6% were good water for drinking or “class (II), and 20.53% were excellent water. The result shows that the groundwater possess moderate to high salinity hazards with low to medium sodium hazards. The piper diagram showed that cations were decreasing as follow: Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+, while the anions were decreasing as follow Cl− > HCO3− > SO42−>CO32-. The SAR values varied from 0.68 to 15.43; while Kelly’s ratio (KR) ranged between 0.32 to 4.02. The calculated IWQI values of all wells revealed that water was moderate type in which its value was between 22 to -27.
沙特阿拉伯王国Al-Jouf地区饮用和农业用地下水水质分析评价
沙特阿拉伯王国(KSA)主要依靠地下水来饮用和灌溉。因此,本研究旨在利用水质指数(DWQI)对沙特阿拉伯Al-Jouf地区的地下水质量进行鉴定。此外,还研究了控制地下水水质的水化学特征。从300-500米深的150口地下水井中采集地下水样本并进行化学分析。将化学成分的值与KSA和世界卫生组织(世卫组织)的饮用和灌溉标准进行了比较。结果表明,各离子浓度均在饮用水和WHO标准的KSA范围内。根据DWQI数据,饮用水中约有23.9%的井属于劣水(III)类,9.91%的井属于极劣水(IV)类,45.6%的井属于良水(II)类,20.5%的井属于优水(I)类。在水质评价方面,Al-Jouf地区150口井水的DWQI估计值在40.7 ~ 319之间。约23.9%的水井水质较差(III级),9.9%的水井水质很差(IV级),45.6%的水井水质良好(II级),20.53%的水井水质优良。结果表明,地下水具有中~高盐危害,低~中等钠危害。由piper图可知,阳离子的减少顺序为Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+,阴离子的减少顺序为Cl−> HCO3−> SO42−>CO32-。SAR值变化范围为0.68 ~ 15.43;而凯利的比率(KR)在0.32 ~ 4.02之间。所有井的IWQI值均为中等类型,在22 ~ -27之间。
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