Regional air quality: biomass burning impacts of SO2 emissions on air quality in the Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, India

IF 2.9 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Air Quality Atmosphere and Health Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI:10.1007/s11869-023-01426-w

Alok Sagar Gautam, Sanjeev Kumar, Sneha Gautam, Karan Singh, Kripa Ram, Devendraa Siingh, Balram Ambade, Manish Sharma

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Abstract

In the present study, continuous ground-based SO₂ monitoring has been planned over the Srinagar Garhwal Valley of Uttarakhand. The monsoon (M-2018), post-monsoon (PoM-2018), winter (W-2019), pre-monsoon (PrM-2019), and M-2019 have high SO₂ concentrations (3.66 ± 2.05 μg/m³, 5.54 ± 2.23 μg/m³, 6.42 ± 1.79 μg/m³, 7.56 ± 3.53 μg/m³ 6.45 ± 3.49 μg/m³) at 1900, 2000, 1800, 1900, and 1900 local time attributed mainly due to biomass burning and long-range transportation of pollutants. A drastic change in the SO₂ concentration was observed from 4.81 to 17.39 μg/m³ in May 2019 with a strong correlation of 0.61 with fire counts during an extensive forest fire. Due to the wet scavenging process, Jul 2018 (1.07 ± 0.82 μg/m³) showed the lowest SO₂ concentration. Temperature, humidity, and wind speed significantly correlate with SO₂ in different seasons. Overall, the air quality in the SGV region is good, but it worsens during forest fires, although it still remains within satisfactory levels. HYSPLIT model trajectories, cluster, and CWT analysis indicate the transportation of air mass from the Gulf region, Sahara Desert, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to Srinagar with a significant contribution of 40.43 to 72.29% air mass and have highest contribution more than 7 μg/m³. We have also observed weekend effects (reduction in the pollutant concentration) in Jul 2018, Sep 2018, Feb 2019, Apr 2019, and May 2019. Overall, this study highlights the seasonal variations in SO₂ concentrations, the impact of forest fires on air quality, the influence of meteorological factors, the long-range transport of pollutants, and the presence of weekend effects in the SGV region of Uttarakhand.

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区域空气质量：生物质燃烧的二氧化硫排放对印度北阿坎德邦喜马拉雅地区空气质量的影响

在本研究中，计划对北阿坎德邦斯利那加尔瓦尔山谷进行连续地基二氧化硫监测。季风（M-2018 年）、季风后（PoM-2018 年）、冬季（W-2019 年）、季风前（PrM-2019 年）和 M-2019 年的二氧化硫浓度较高（3.66 ± 2.05 μg/m3, 5.54 ± 2.23 μg/m3, 6.42 ± 1.当地时间 1900、2000、1800、1900 和 1900 时，二氧化硫浓度分别为 5.66 ± 2.05 μg/m3、5.54 ± 2.23 μg/m3、6.42 ± 1.79 μg/m3、7.56 ± 3.53 μg/m3、6.45 ± 3.49 μg/m3。在 2019 年 5 月的一次大面积森林火灾中，二氧化硫浓度从 4.81 微克/立方米急剧变化到 17.39 微克/立方米，与火灾次数的相关性高达 0.61。由于湿清除过程，2018 年 7 月（1.07 ± 0.82 μg/m3）的二氧化硫浓度最低。温度、湿度和风速与不同季节的二氧化硫有显著相关性。总体而言，SGV 地区的空气质量较好，但在森林火灾期间，空气质量会有所恶化，不过仍保持在令人满意的水平。HYSPLIT 模型轨迹、聚类分析和 CWT 分析表明，海湾地区、撒哈拉沙漠、巴基斯坦和阿富汗的气团被输送到斯利那加，其中 40.43% 至 72.29% 的气团对该地区的空气质量有显著影响，最高影响超过 7 μg/m3。我们还观察到 2018 年 7 月、2018 年 9 月、2019 年 2 月、2019 年 4 月和 2019 年 5 月的周末效应（污染物浓度降低）。总之，本研究强调了二氧化硫浓度的季节性变化、森林火灾对空气质量的影响、气象因素的影响、污染物的长程飘移以及北阿坎德邦 SGV 地区周末效应的存在。

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来源期刊

Air Quality Atmosphere and Health ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-

CiteScore

8.80

自引率

2.00%

发文量

146

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health. It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes. International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements. This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.