Alum, Chitin and Sago as coagulants for the optimization of process parameters focussing on coagulant dose and mixing speed

Manoj Kumar Karnena, Bhavya Kavitha Dwarapureddi, Vara Saritha
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Water demand for consumption has been increasing continuously due to the expanding population worldwide. The current accessible water is continually contaminated by global climate change and anthropogenic activities. Economically viable and safe treatment technologies are required for the contemporary world to meet the water demand. The coagulation process is an economically feasible method and gaining much prominence in developing countries for water treatment. During the operation, Sludge and secondary by-products are formed due to the overdosage of the coagulant and improper mixing speeds. Optimizing process parameters is essential to reduce the costs associated with further treatment. Thus, the current study aimed to optimize the process parameters by using Alum, Chitin and Sago coagulants with three pH variations, i.e., 6, 7, and 8, with a mixing speed of 100–30 and 80–20 rpm. The results revealed that Sago performed better than other coagulants and removed the turbidity up to 99.42 %. In addition, Sludge was reduced to 90 % with a dosage of 0.4 g/L, a minor dosage compared to the literature with an optimal pH of 7. Further, the coagulants were characterized to identify the functionalized groups by FTIR, the nature of the coagulant by XRD and Surface morphology by SEM. From the current study, it can be concluded that a coagulant dose ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 g/L with a mixing speed of 100 rpm for 2 min and 30 rpm for 30 min might be the best solution for obtaining greater coagulation efficiency.

Abstract Image

以明矾、几丁质和西米为混凝剂,重点对混凝剂用量和混凝速度进行工艺参数优化
由于世界人口的不断增长,消费用水需求不断增加。目前可获得的水不断受到全球气候变化和人为活动的污染。当代世界需要经济上可行和安全的处理技术来满足水的需求。混凝法是一种经济可行的水处理方法,在发展中国家越来越受到重视。在运行过程中,由于混凝剂投加量过大,搅拌速度不合适,会形成污泥和二次副产物。优化工艺参数对于降低与进一步处理相关的成本至关重要。因此,本研究拟采用明矾、甲壳素和西米三种混凝剂,pH值分别为6、7和8,混合速度分别为100-30和80-20 rpm,对工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,与其他混凝剂相比,西米的混凝效果更好,去浊度达99.42%。此外,在0.4 g/L的投加量下,污泥减少到90%,与文献中最佳pH为7的投加量相比,这是一个较小的投加量。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、x射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对混凝剂进行表征,确定了混凝剂的官能团。从目前的研究可以得出,混凝剂用量为0.1 ~ 0.4 g/L,混合速度为100转/分2分钟,30转/分30分钟可能是获得更高混凝效率的最佳方案。
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