Las cuatro grandes empresas comercializadoras y los precios internacionales de los alimentos

Luis Gómez Oliver , Rosario Granados Sánchez
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

A large part of the food markets are local or regional; but in situations of production shortages, the international market is what moves the price at the margin and impacts directly on national markets.

Four major traders of food grains: Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Bunge, Cargill and Louis Dreyfus, (called the ABCD), control most of the international trade in cereals and grains, and have great influence on determining international prices food. More than a century old, they constitute a most peculiar group of companies. With a low profile, they have changed very little in its long existence. They are among the largest companies worldwide, but are traditionally family-owned firms. In addition to trading, transport and storage activities, they participate in the financing of agricultural production, through the delivery of technology packages and inputs (seeds, fertilizers and agrochemicals); their subsidiaries in numerous countries consume most of the commodities they sell, so their prices are rather transfer prices. They use their own trains and ships to transport the grains; storage is made in their own storage facilities. They are livestock and poultry producers, have great importance in the production of animal feed and biofuel markets; and are owners or lessees of land. They are also financial institutions active in the derivatives markets.

四大贸易公司和国际食品价格
大部分食品市场都是本地或区域性的;但在生产短缺的情况下,国际市场是影响价格的因素,并直接影响到国内市场。四大粮食贸易商:阿彻丹尼尔斯米德兰公司(ADM)、邦吉公司、嘉吉公司和路易达孚公司(简称ABCD)控制着大部分国际谷物和谷物贸易,对确定国际粮食价格有很大影响。它们有一个多世纪的历史,构成了一个最奇特的公司群体。由于低调,他们在长期存在中几乎没有改变。他们是世界上最大的公司之一,但传统上是家族企业。除了贸易、运输和储存活动外,它们还通过提供成套技术和投入(种子、化肥和农用化学品)参与农业生产的筹资;他们在许多国家的子公司消费了他们销售的大部分商品,所以他们的价格更像是转移价格。他们用自己的火车和船只运输谷物;储存在他们自己的储存设施中。他们是家畜和家禽生产者,在动物饲料和生物燃料市场的生产中具有重要意义;是土地的所有者或承租人。它们也是活跃于衍生品市场的金融机构。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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