Recent advance and challenge of disease-related detection based immunosensor by using antibodies

O. M. Saka
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

A sensor is a device used to gather information recorded by chemical, physical or biological changes, and then convert the collected information into a qualitative or quantitative signal. Biological sensors (biosensors) consist of a biological sensing element and an electrochemical transducer. Target analyte reacts selectively with recognition elements such as antibodies, enzymes, nucleic acids, and then an electrical signal is produced by transducer. After separation and amplification processes, electrical signal converted into a measurable value. Electrochemical biosensors have been widely developed in last decades. Biomarkers are rationally used as a characteristic indicator of some pathogenic and pharmacological response to therapeutic intervention. One important class of biomarkers includes proteinic molecules that, when present at elevated or depressed concentrations in serum, tissue, or saliva, can be indicative of disease states. Various forms of voltammetry (linear sweep, differential pulse, square-wave,stripping) and amperometry are the most widely used electrochemical methods for detection of disease-related biomarkers. Although some of them are produced commercially and routinely used in clinical, environmental, and industrial analysis. But sometimes, enzyme of the substation or analyte in living organisms couldn’t be available to detect, or electrochemical biosystem is too expensive to use.1 So that affinity sensors were developed as an acceptable alternative. Affinity biosensors are based on selective interaction between the targeted analyte and biological component such as an antibody (immunosensor) or nucleic acids,1 DNA/microRNA (electrochemical DNA hybridization biosensor).2
基于抗体的疾病相关检测免疫传感器研究进展与挑战
传感器是一种用于收集化学、物理或生物变化所记录的信息,然后将收集到的信息转换成定性或定量信号的装置。生物传感器(biosensors)由生物传感元件和电化学传感器组成。目标分析物与抗体、酶、核酸等识别元素选择性反应,由传感器产生电信号。电信号经过分离和放大处理,转换成可测量的值。电化学生物传感器在近几十年来得到了广泛的发展。生物标志物被合理地用作对治疗干预的一些致病和药理学反应的特征性指标。一类重要的生物标志物包括蛋白质分子,当它们在血清、组织或唾液中以升高或降低的浓度存在时,可以指示疾病状态。各种形式的伏安法(线性扫描、差分脉冲、方波、溶出)和安培法是检测疾病相关生物标志物最广泛使用的电化学方法。虽然其中一些是商业生产的,并常规用于临床,环境和工业分析。但有时,生物体内的变电所酶或分析物无法检测,或电化学生物系统过于昂贵而无法使用因此,亲和传感器作为一种可接受的替代方案被开发出来。亲和生物传感器是基于目标分析物和生物成分(如抗体(免疫传感器)或核酸,1 DNA/microRNA(电化学DNA杂交生物传感器)之间的选择性相互作用
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