A rheological characteristics and kinetic study for sulphur accelerated vulcanisation of epoxidized natural rubber

IF 1.2 4区化学 Q4 POLYMER SCIENCE

Journal of Rubber Research Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI:10.1007/s42464-023-00216-4

Mohd Azmeel Adli Amiruddin, Siti Salina Sarkawi

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Abstract

Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR) is a specialty rubber produced by modification of natural rubber (NR) latex. In this study, the effects of vulcanisation temperature on the vulcanisation characteristics and vulcanisation kinetics of ENR compounds were studied. A Monsanto Moving Die Rheometer (MDR2000) was used, with vulcanisation temperatures ranging from 140 to 180 °C considered. Unfilled ENR and NR compounds were compared to filled compounds, in which carbon black and silica fillers were used. All compounds' optimal vulcanisation time (t₉₅), curing rate index (CRI), percentage of reversal (R₃₀₀) and vulcanisation kinetics were investigated. It can be shown that for both filled and unfilled compounds, ENR has a shorter t₉₅, a higher CRI, and a higher R₃₀₀ than NR. Furthermore, higher vulcanisation temperatures decreased the t₉₅, with increased CRI and enhanced R₃₀₀ for all compounds. It was observed that ENR tended to have lower activation energy, E_a than NR for both filled and unfilled compounds and among the compounds examined, silica-filled ENR showed the highest activation energy value.

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硫化天然橡胶硫化硫化的流变特性及动力学研究

环氧化天然橡胶(ENR)是由天然橡胶(NR)胶乳改性而成的特种橡胶。本文研究了硫化温度对ENR化合物硫化特性和硫化动力学的影响。使用孟山都移动模流变仪(MDR2000)，硫化温度范围为140至180°C。将未填充的ENR和NR化合物与使用炭黑和二氧化硅填料填充的化合物进行了比较。考察了各化合物的最佳硫化时间(t95)、硫化速率指数(CRI)、逆转率(R300)和硫化动力学。结果表明，对于填充和未填充的化合物，ENR的t95比NR短，CRI和R300比NR高。此外，较高的硫化温度降低了t95，所有化合物的CRI和R300都增加了。结果表明，填充和未填充的ENR的活化能Ea均低于NR，其中以二氧化硅填充的ENR活化能最高。

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来源期刊

Journal of Rubber Research 化学-高分子科学

自引率

15.40%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Rubber Research is devoted to both natural and synthetic rubbers, as well as to related disciplines. The scope of the journal encompasses all aspects of rubber from the core disciplines of biology, physics and chemistry, as well as economics. As a specialised field, rubber science includes within its niche a vast potential of innovative and value-added research areas yet to be explored. This peer reviewed publication focuses on the results of active experimental research and authoritative reviews on all aspects of rubber science. The Journal of Rubber Research welcomes research on: the upstream, including crop management, crop improvement and protection, and biotechnology; the midstream, including processing and effluent management; the downstream, including rubber engineering and product design, advanced rubber technology, latex science and technology, and chemistry and materials exploratory; economics, including the economics of rubber production, consumption, and market analysis. The Journal of Rubber Research serves to build a collective knowledge base while communicating information and validating the quality of research within the discipline, and bringing together work from experts in rubber science and related disciplines. Scientists in both academia and industry involved in researching and working with all aspects of rubber will find this journal to be both source of information and a gateway for their own publications.