Nuclear Morphological Changes in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell: The Utility of a 3-Dimensional (3D) Holographic Microscopy in Cytology

Abstract

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an essential method to diagnose thyroid nodules. To diagnose papillary thyroid carcinoma (Figure 1a), distinct nuclear morphological changes such as nuclear groove (Figure 1b) and pseudo-nuclear inclusion (Figure 1c) are crucial features. At times, findings by FNAC with conventional cytology and findings by liquid-based cytology method are ambiguous. Subsequently, re-biopsy or even diagnostic resection is required. Additional or alternative methods to FNAC would be advantageous in diagnosing thyroid nodules.