Toxicity of Plant-Based Silver Nanoparticle Against Potential Disease Vector Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The synanthropic house fly, Musca domestica is a major vector for the transmission of deadly diseases from one place to another. It plays a primary role in some diseases and community spread against human and animal origin. As the eradication and control measures are challenging through chemical or synthetic insecticides. The repeated exposure to insecticides developed resistance and undesired effects. A study to find the novel insecticides from natural plant-based origin were developed from Lavandula angustifolia , Citrus limon , Mentha piperita , Azadirachta indica and AgNPs against M. domestica at five different concentrations of each extract. The obtained results revealed good mortality from Citrus limon extract through dipping and feeding techniques with LC 50 values were 296.145 ppm (contact bioassay) and 380.187 ppm (feeding bioassay) after 24 h post-treatment. The plant-based nanoparticles developed from A. indica revealed good activity at a minimal concentration to reach its lethal effects and that LC 50 67.056 ppm (contact bioassay) 110.279 ppm (feeding bioassay. Thus, the developed nano-insecticides are considered effective insecticidal against M. domestica and could save the world from the vector-transmitted disease in the present environment.