Oxidative Stress and Nox: Related Diseases and Main Classes of Synthetic and Natural Inhibitors

Abstract

The oxidative stress is a biological condition resulting from an imbalance in the Reactive Oxygen Species production, which occurs mainly through the NADPH oxidase (NOX), a transmembrane enzyme that acts in a pro-inflammatory mechanism. Due to the toxicity of these species to living tissue, this condition has been studied over the years as a leading cause of human disease, affecting from heart and lung tissues to the Central Nervous System. This work brings important information about the several diseases related to the Oxidative Stress condition, their origins and main causes, as well as raising data from the last years about the antioxidant compounds, anti-inflammatory and NOX inhibitors used in their prevention over the last years. Compounds such as carboxylic acids and phenolics esthers amides and peptides are reported in this work to have important structural characteristics in the activity against oxidative burst and its various modulations.