{"title":"DAYA SAING KOPI INDONESIA DI PASAR AMERIKA SERIKAT: PENDEKATAN TWO STAGE DEMAND MODEL","authors":"S. Suharno, A. Jamil, Resti Prastika Destiarni","doi":"10.24198/agricore.v2i1.15069","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAKDampak terbukanya pasar pada komoditas kopi dunia ditunjukkan dengan adanya kelebihan pasokankopi di dunia. Di sisi lain, permintaan kopi dunia mengalami stagnasi bahkan pada beberapa negaraimportir mengalami penurunan, sehingga hal tersebut menyebabkantingginyatingkatpersainganantarnegaraprodusen. Penelitian ini menggambarkan daya saing kopiIndonesia di pasar Amerika sebagai negara importir kopi terbesar. Pendekatan persamaan two-stagedemand digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Persamaan pertama menganalisis permintaan Amerikamenggunakan pendekatan persamaan linier double-log untuk mengidentifikasi respon harga secaraumum pada perdagangan internasional. Persamaan kedua membedakan komoditas berdasarkannegara asal menggunakan pendekatan error correction almost ideal demand system (ECAIDS).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan harga teh sebagai produk substitusi dari kopi sangatberpengaruh terhadap permintaan kopi. Peningkatan pengeluaran impor Amerika akan meningkatkanpangsa ekspor Indonesia dengan nilai yang lebih kecil dibandingkan peningkatan negara lainnya.Kopi Indonesia memiliki hubungan komplementer dengan kopi Colombia, namun saling substitusidengan negara lainnya. Indonesia memiliki daya saing yang relatif lemah dan untuk meningkatkandaya saingnya, Indonesia sebaiknya menurunkan biaya produksi dengan meningkatkan produktivitasdan kualitasnya melalui promosi.Katakunci: daya saing, Indonesia, kopi, permintaan imporABSTRACTThe impact of open market in world coffee comodity is reflected by the excess supply of world coffee.On the other hand, world coffee demand has faced stagnation even in some importer countriesdecreased, so that it causes high level of competition among producers. This study representsIndonesia’s coffee competitiveness in United States market as the largest coffee importer. A two-stage demand equation was employed in this study. The first equation analyzed the United statedemand by using a double logarithmic-linear approach to identify price responses generally ininternational trade. The second equation distinguished commodities by the origin country using anerror correction almost ideal demand system (ECAIDS) approach. The result implied that a changeof tea price as a subtitute product of coffee strongly affected on coffee import demand. Theincreasing of US’s import expenditure would increase Indonesia export share which is relativelysmaller than the increasing of other countries. Indonesia coffee had complementary relationshipwith Colombia coffee; however, with other countries were subtituted each other. Indonesia had arelatively weak market competitiveness and to improve its market competitiveness, Indonesia shouldbecome more competitive in cost allocation by improving the productivity and its quality throughpromotion.Keywords: competitiveness, Indonesia, coffee, import demand","PeriodicalId":7520,"journal":{"name":"Agricore: Jurnal Agribisnis dan Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Unpad","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Agricore: Jurnal Agribisnis dan Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Unpad","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.24198/agricore.v2i1.15069","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
ABSTRAKDampak terbukanya pasar pada komoditas kopi dunia ditunjukkan dengan adanya kelebihan pasokankopi di dunia. Di sisi lain, permintaan kopi dunia mengalami stagnasi bahkan pada beberapa negaraimportir mengalami penurunan, sehingga hal tersebut menyebabkantingginyatingkatpersainganantarnegaraprodusen. Penelitian ini menggambarkan daya saing kopiIndonesia di pasar Amerika sebagai negara importir kopi terbesar. Pendekatan persamaan two-stagedemand digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Persamaan pertama menganalisis permintaan Amerikamenggunakan pendekatan persamaan linier double-log untuk mengidentifikasi respon harga secaraumum pada perdagangan internasional. Persamaan kedua membedakan komoditas berdasarkannegara asal menggunakan pendekatan error correction almost ideal demand system (ECAIDS).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan harga teh sebagai produk substitusi dari kopi sangatberpengaruh terhadap permintaan kopi. Peningkatan pengeluaran impor Amerika akan meningkatkanpangsa ekspor Indonesia dengan nilai yang lebih kecil dibandingkan peningkatan negara lainnya.Kopi Indonesia memiliki hubungan komplementer dengan kopi Colombia, namun saling substitusidengan negara lainnya. Indonesia memiliki daya saing yang relatif lemah dan untuk meningkatkandaya saingnya, Indonesia sebaiknya menurunkan biaya produksi dengan meningkatkan produktivitasdan kualitasnya melalui promosi.Katakunci: daya saing, Indonesia, kopi, permintaan imporABSTRACTThe impact of open market in world coffee comodity is reflected by the excess supply of world coffee.On the other hand, world coffee demand has faced stagnation even in some importer countriesdecreased, so that it causes high level of competition among producers. This study representsIndonesia’s coffee competitiveness in United States market as the largest coffee importer. A two-stage demand equation was employed in this study. The first equation analyzed the United statedemand by using a double logarithmic-linear approach to identify price responses generally ininternational trade. The second equation distinguished commodities by the origin country using anerror correction almost ideal demand system (ECAIDS) approach. The result implied that a changeof tea price as a subtitute product of coffee strongly affected on coffee import demand. Theincreasing of US’s import expenditure would increase Indonesia export share which is relativelysmaller than the increasing of other countries. Indonesia coffee had complementary relationshipwith Colombia coffee; however, with other countries were subtituted each other. Indonesia had arelatively weak market competitiveness and to improve its market competitiveness, Indonesia shouldbecome more competitive in cost allocation by improving the productivity and its quality throughpromotion.Keywords: competitiveness, Indonesia, coffee, import demand
世界咖啡商品的开放影响被证明是世界咖啡供应过剩。另一方面,世界对咖啡的需求甚至在一些国家进口国也出现了放缓,因此造成了国家间竞争的高度。这项研究将美国市场上的印尼咖啡竞争能力描述为世界上最大的咖啡进口国。用于这项研究的方程two stagedemand的方法。第一个方程分析了美国的需求,使用线性方程的方法来识别国际贸易的共同价格反应。第二种使用对近似demand system (ECAIDS)来区分原生商品的方程。研究结果表明,茶叶作为咖啡代换产品的价格变化对咖啡需求有着深远的影响。美国进口支出的增加将使印尼出口比其他任何国家的增长率都要低。印尼咖啡与哥伦比亚咖啡有着密切的联系,但却与其他国家重新同步。印尼的竞争能力相对较弱,为了提高竞争力,印尼最好通过提高其生产率和质量来降低生产成本。片词:竞争,印度尼西亚,咖啡,需求进口商对世界咖啡商品的影响影响世界咖啡供应的过度影响。另一方面,世界咖啡需求面临着即使是在一些反曝光的进口商中也停滞不前,所以这导致了竞争和制片人之间的高水平竞争。这是美国最大的咖啡进口商。一场二级抵押贷款正在进行这项研究。第一种对等分析,使用两种线性等价方法标识价格响应,通常是国际贸易。第二个方程通过使用错误校正,几乎是理想的demand system (ECAIDS)接近。据说茶的改变价格是咖啡进口的一种子产品。我们所知的增长增加了印尼的出口分享,这比其他国家的增长更加相关。印尼咖啡与哥伦比亚咖啡有完整的关系;懦夫和其他国家互相攻击。印度尼西亚举行的市场竞争竞争和影响其市场竞争的竞争,应该更多地受到生产和它的质量促进的影响。Keywords:印度尼西亚,咖啡,进口