Lymph Node Tuberculosis in Otolaryngological Practice: A Study of 68 Cases at the Sourô Sanou University Hospital of Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Abstract

Introduction: Lymph node tuberculosis (LNTB) frequently affects peripheral cervical lymph node body sites. We aimed to study epidemiology and diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of LNTB patients in ENT routine practice. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional prospective study in the ENT and cervicofacial surgery department at the Sourô Sanou University Hospital of Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, for a period of 36 months. Results: There were 68 cases with LNTB, of which 54.4% were mostly men. The mean age and the median age were calculated at 37 ± 6.8 and 42 years, respectively. The patient’s age ranged between 3 and 81 years, and the most represented age group was from 30 to 60 years (62%). According to geographical origin, most patients (79%) originated from rural areas. In 6 cases (9%), patients reported diabetes and 12 patients were HIV positives (18%). Most clinical features leading to the ENT consultation were cervical lymph nodes (82%) and cervical scrofuloderma (18%). For the multiple locations, the lymphadenopathies involved mostly the transversal cervical chain (56%) and spinal chain (50%). Histopathology examination was the mostly diagnosed methods used in 68%. A 6-month anti-tuberculous treatment was given with a follow-up of 6 months without any relapse in 62 cases (97%). Conclusion: The frequency of 68 cases of LNTB in 3 years is underappreciated. Among all lymph node sites, transversal cervical chain and cervical spinal chain were mostly affected. Further advanced studies are recommended to determine the prevalence and contributing factors of LNTB in the study area.