Pengaruh Hormon terhadap Induksi Embrio Somatik Kacapiring (Gardenia jasminoides) dan Potensi Aplikasinya dalam Pembuatan Benih Sintetik

Abstract

Kacapiring (Gardenia jasminoides) is an ornamental plant that has many uses, as a cut flowers, food ingredients, textile materials, cosmetic raw materials, and containing therapeutic compounds. The high demand for gardenia needs to be balanced with the results of its cultivation. Conventional propagation of gardenias has disadvantages such as a long life cycle, genotypes can differ from the parent, and can carry disease from the parent. Therefore, more efficient gardenia propagation techniques are needed, one of which is by making synthetic seeds. Synthetic seeds can be produced by encapsulating somatic embryos. Somatic embryos are collections of embryonic cells formed from soma cells that have the ability to regenerate into a complete new plant. Hormones are organic materials that occur naturally in plants or are synthetic. Hormones have an effect on plant differentiation and growth. Somatic embryogenesis can be carried out using auxin and cytokinin hormones, because auxins can induce embryogenic callus and cytokinins can initiate the embryogenic process in callus. Synthetic seeds are single somatic embryos covered by a matrix, so that they can be stored for a certain duration of time and can grow into a complete plant in both in vitro and ex vitro conditions. This literature review is to provide an overview based on existing references on the effects of various types of hormones for the induction of gardenia somatic embryos, synthetic seed production methods, and synthetic seed storage temperatures.