The Edible Adlay Seed Oil Containing Cinnamaldehyde and Gingerol Prevents DMBA/TPA-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis by Cooperative Ablation of Lipid Rafts

Abstract

It is known that food intake was associated with decreased risk of cancer, we prepared a compounded adlay seed oil (C-ASO) containing 0.5% cinnamaldehyde and 1% 6-gingerol and evaluated the preventive effects of the oral C-ASO on DMBA/TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis. In contrast to untreated carcinogenic mice, skin tumor incidence and multiplicity were decreased to some extent in single ASO-, cinnamaldehyde- and gingerol-treated mice, whereas the oral C-ASO almost completely reduced susceptibility to skin carcinogenesis by cooperative ablation of enhanced lipid rafts, drastically suppressed phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (PI3K)/protein kinases A (Akt) signaling and decreased levels of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and cyclin D1 which reduced skin epithelial proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during tumor genesis. This work supports C-ASO as a candidate functional food to prevent carcinogenesis.