Calculation of Swath Width and Swath Displacement for Uncrewed Aerial Spray Systems

IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
J. Bonds, B. Fritz, H. Thistle
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Abstract

Highlights Recent research has focused on the use of Uncrewed Aerial Spray Systems (UASS) for their potential to fill the gap between crewed aircraft and ground application equipment. The spray distribution in swath is highly variable to the point that using the typical metric of uniformity alone to define swath can no longer apply, we present a method that considers dose and uniformity. The swath was rarely found to be directly beneath the flightline, the swath displacement and offsetting can be significant and larger than the assumed swath width. This paper presents the development of an evidence-based, repeatable mathematical solution to the determination of swath width and swath displacement for UASS for calibration and targeting purposes. Abstract. Recent research has focused on the use of Uncrewed Aerial Spray Systems (UASS) for their potential to fill the gap between crewed aircraft and ground application, with UASS being able to be used over less accessible areas than ground equipment, being more appropriate to treat smaller, dispersed targets, and typically available at reduced cost and complexity when compared to crewed aircraft. However, there is limited literature focusing on the proper setup and use of these systems. The objective of this study was to design and conduct a series of large-scale, conceptually linked studies to provide data that is used to guide system optimization and the development of predictive models. An uncrewed system coupled with three nozzle types covering three droplet size classifications was used to conduct swath characterization and drift trials designed to establish effective swath widths, deposition variability, swath displacement, and drift. System and nozzle type, along with nozzle position and wind direction, significantly impacted the spray deposition patterns within and downwind of the effective swath. The spray distribution in a swath is highly variable, to the point that using the typical metric of uniformity alone to define swath can no longer apply. In addition, the swath was rarely found to be directly beneath the flightline, and swath offsetting can be significant and larger than the assumed swath width. An iterative solution has been developed that uses a combination of effective dose and uniformity to define swath width. The offsetting of the swath due to interactions with ambient air has also been defined using the Center of Deposition. The aim is to be able to distinguish between in-swath deposition and drift. The approach to defining swath width and the displacement of the swath is presented. The goal is to develop a real-time onboard navigation system that can reset the flight line in response to wind-driven swath displacement. This allows increased deposition within the target zone and reduces off-target losses. Keywords: Aerial application, Offset, Swath displacement, Swath width, Unmanned aerial spray system.
无人空中喷淋系统喷雾带宽度和位移的计算
最近的研究主要集中在无人空中喷雾系统(UASS)的使用上,因为它们有潜力填补有人驾驶飞机和地面应用设备之间的空白。由于喷雾分布具有高度的可变性,仅使用典型的均匀度度量来定义喷雾分布已不再适用,本文提出了一种考虑剂量和均匀度的方法。很少发现条带直接位于航线下方,条带的位移和偏移可能显著大于假设的条带宽度。本文提出了一种基于证据的、可重复的数学解决方案,用于确定用于校准和瞄准目的的UASS的条带宽度和条带位移。摘要最近的研究主要集中在无人空中喷雾系统(UASS)的使用上,因为它有潜力填补有人驾驶飞机和地面应用之间的空白,与地面设备相比,UASS能够在更难以进入的区域使用,更适合于处理较小的分散目标,并且与有人驾驶飞机相比,通常成本更低,复杂性更低。然而,关注这些系统的正确设置和使用的文献有限。本研究的目的是设计并开展一系列大规模的、概念相关的研究,以提供用于指导系统优化和预测模型开发的数据。研究人员使用了一个无人驾驶系统,该系统配备了三种喷嘴类型,覆盖了三种液滴尺寸,用于进行条带表征和漂移试验,旨在确定条带的有效宽度、沉积变异性、条带位移和漂移。系统和喷嘴类型、喷嘴位置和风向对有效条内和下风的喷雾沉积模式有显著影响。喷雾在条中的分布是高度可变的,以至于仅使用典型的均匀度度量来定义条不再适用。此外,很少发现条带直接位于航线下方,条带偏移可能比假设的条带宽度更大。已经开发了一种迭代解决方案,该解决方案使用有效剂量和均匀性的组合来定义条带宽度。由于与周围空气的相互作用,带状的偏移也被定义为使用沉积中心。目的是能够区分河道内沉积和漂移。给出了条带宽度和条带位移的定义方法。目标是开发一种实时机载导航系统,该系统可以根据风力驱动的条带位移重置飞行路线。这可以增加目标区域内的沉积,减少脱靶损失。关键词:空中应用,偏移量,条带位移,条带宽度,无人机喷雾系统
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CiteScore
3.10
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0.00%
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