Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in House Dust in Canadian Homes: Behaviors and Associations with Housing Characteristics and Consumer Products

IF 4.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Indoor air Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI:10.1155/2023/4655289

Luyao Zhang, G. Navaranjan, T. Takaro, S. Bernstein, L. Jantunen, W. Lou, P. Mandhane, T. Moraes, J. Scott, E. Simons, S. Turvey, P. Subbarao, J. Brook

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which is ubiquitous in indoor environments, was the predominant phthalate measured in house dust in the Canadian CHILD Cohort and was found to be associated with a large increased risk of childhood asthma. Objective. To inform interventions by identifying sources of DEHP in dust and assessing behaviors related to DEHP concentrations in house dust. Methods. DEHP levels were measured in 726 dust samples collected at ~3 months of age in CHILD as well as in ~50 homes at two time points (June and November) in the CHILD pilot study. DEHP metabolites were measured in urine for a subset of the ~3-month-old infants. Housing characteristics were assessed at the time of dust and urine collection. Numerous factors from these surveys were investigated as potential sources of DEHP using univariate analyses and multivariable regressions. Correlations between DEHP in dust and urinary metabolites and between repeat dust samples were examined to study the relationship between dust measurement and DEHP exposure. Results. Overall, DEHP dust concentrations were higher for lower-income families. Homes with vinyl flooring in the kitchen and bathroom showed higher levels of DEHP than those without vinyl flooring. The quantity of vinyl furniture and the presence of mold were associated with higher DEHP concentrations, while the use of mattress covers reduced concentration. No other significant associations were found. DEHP concentrations in dust were consistent over 6 months, although the correlation between dust and DEHP metabolites in urine was low. Conclusion. DEHP in house dust persisted over multiple months, contributed to infant internal exposure, and was associated with specific housing characteristics. These findings may inform the public on their choice of building materials and products, as well as future policies, aimed at reducing the health risk associated with exposures in the indoor environment especially for children.

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二-(2-乙基己基)邻苯二甲酸酯(DEHP)在加拿大家庭的室内灰尘:行为和关联的住房特点和消费产品

背景。二-(2-乙基己基)邻苯二甲酸酯(DEHP)在室内环境中普遍存在，是加拿大儿童队列中房屋灰尘中测量到的主要邻苯二甲酸酯，并被发现与儿童哮喘风险的大幅增加有关。目标。通过确定粉尘中DEHP的来源和评估与室内粉尘中DEHP浓度相关的行为，为干预措施提供信息。方法。在CHILD试点研究中，在两个时间点(6月和11月)对儿童3个月大时和50个家庭中收集的726份粉尘样本进行了DEHP水平测量。在约3个月大的婴儿的尿液中测量DEHP代谢物。在收集灰尘和尿液时评估住房特征。通过单变量分析和多变量回归，研究了这些调查中的许多因素作为DEHP的潜在来源。研究了粉尘中DEHP与尿代谢物以及重复粉尘样品之间的相关性，以研究粉尘测量与DEHP暴露之间的关系。结果。总体而言，低收入家庭的DEHP粉尘浓度较高。厨房和浴室铺有乙烯基地板的家庭比没有乙烯基地板的家庭显示出更高的DEHP水平。乙烯基家具的数量和霉菌的存在与较高的DEHP浓度有关，而床垫套的使用降低了浓度。没有发现其他显著的关联。灰尘中的DEHP浓度在6个月内保持一致，尽管灰尘与尿液中DEHP代谢物之间的相关性很低。结论。房屋灰尘中的DEHP持续数月，导致婴儿内部暴露，并与特定的房屋特征有关。这些调查结果可能会告知公众如何选择建筑材料和产品，以及未来的政策，旨在减少与室内环境暴露有关的健康风险，特别是对儿童而言。

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来源期刊

Indoor air 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

10.80

自引率

10.30%

发文量

175

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The quality of the environment within buildings is a topic of major importance for public health. Indoor Air provides a location for reporting original research results in the broad area defined by the indoor environment of non-industrial buildings. An international journal with multidisciplinary content, Indoor Air publishes papers reflecting the broad categories of interest in this field: health effects; thermal comfort; monitoring and modelling; source characterization; ventilation and other environmental control techniques. The research results present the basic information to allow designers, building owners, and operators to provide a healthy and comfortable environment for building occupants, as well as giving medical practitioners information on how to deal with illnesses related to the indoor environment.