Antiparasitaires externes chez les carnivores domestiques

Abstract

The external antiparasitic drugs used in pets have evolved these last years, not only regarding the active ingredients but also with respect to formulations and pharmacokinetics. The old chemical groups like organophosphorates and pyrethroids have been supplanted by new compounds such as phenypyrazoles (fipronil) or neonicotoinoids (imidacloprid). Beside insecticidal and acaricidal molecules, Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) have appeared and are increasingly used. They are divided in two groups, the juvenile hormone analogues (Pyriproxyfen, (S) -methoprene) and the inhibitors of the chitine synthetase (lufenuron). These IGRs are used either in the environment or in pets (topically or by oral administration), alone or in the majority of cases in combination with insecticides. The notion of insecticidal treatment has changed towards the concept of prevention. This change was possible after the development of long-acting formulations which provide at least one month of protection. In parallel, their utilization has been facilitated by new formulations, especially the development of the “spot on”. The veterinarians as well as the pet owners have now a wide diversity of products, with new molecules, new formulations but also very good safety. The combination of insecticides and IGRs allow the veterinarians to advise Integrated Pest Management Program, especially Integrated Flea Control.