Long-term effects of an insecticide application on non-target arthropods in winter wheat - a field study over 2 seasons

By M. Wick, B. Freier
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引用次数: 20

Abstract

Abstract: The effects of the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate) on non-target arthropods in winter wheat were studied throughout two successive seasons in 1998 and 1999. The study particularly focussed on the crop in the growing season after insecticide application (also winter wheat) for detection of potential long-term effects and for determination of the suitability of different sampling methods.The investigations were based on the assumption that arthropod immigration from surrounding areas is limited in large fields. For this reason a simple approach seemed to be feasible. Two plots of equal size (10 ha, adjusted to each other) were defined in a 100 ha field and designated control and treatment plots. Ten sampling points were established on each plot. The following monitoring methods were utilised: visual counting, sweep netting and pitfall trapping. In the first year of investigation, countings and catches were carried out 2 days prior to insecticide application and 2, 16, 30 and 44 days after application. In the next year, they were carried out 365 days and 384 days after insecticide application in the successive crop of winter wheat.At the time of the first sampling prior to insecticide application, the two plots showed significant differences with respect to arthropod density or activity, particularly in visual counting and to a minor degree to sweep netting and pitfall trapping. Lower densities or activities were observed in the plot reserved for treatment. Measures for mathematical equalisation of the results of population densities before pesticide treatment should be considered.After insecticide application, the densities or activities of non-target arthropods decreased, particularly in visual counting and sweep netting. After one year, these effects disappeared to a large extent. Several groups of arthropods reached even higher levels in the treated plot than in the untreated one. The pitfall traps revealed weak activity-decreasing effects in carabids and spiders in the treated plot, but the opposite tendency for staphylinids. Hence, it seems that the conditions in a large field are less homogeneous, and that smaller scale conditions can support processes of recovery in non-target populations.

施用杀虫剂对冬小麦非靶标节肢动物的长期影响——两个季节的田间研究
摘要:在1998年和1999年连续两个季节,研究了杀虫剂氯氟氰菊酯(卡拉特)对冬小麦非靶标节肢动物的影响。该研究特别关注施用杀虫剂后生长季节的作物(还有冬小麦),以检测潜在的长期影响,并确定不同采样方法的适用性。这些调查是基于这样一种假设,即节肢动物从周围地区迁移到大面积的田地是有限的。因此,一个简单的方法似乎是可行的。在100公顷的田地中定义了两个大小相等的地块(10公顷,相互调整),并指定了对照和处理地块。在每个地块上建立了10个采样点。采用了以下监测方法:目测计数、清扫网和陷阱诱捕。在调查的第一年,在施用杀虫剂前2天和施用后2、16、30和44天进行了计数和捕获。在接下来的一年里,分别在冬小麦连续施用杀虫剂365天和384天后进行了试验。在施用杀虫剂前的第一次采样时,这两个地块在节肢动物密度或活动方面表现出显著差异,特别是在视觉计数方面,在清扫网和陷阱诱捕方面表现出较小程度的差异。在保留用于处理的地块中观察到较低的密度或活性。应考虑在农药处理前对种群密度结果进行数学均衡的措施。施用杀虫剂后,非目标节肢动物的密度或活性降低,特别是在视觉计数和清扫网中。一年后,这些影响在很大程度上消失了。有几组节肢动物在处理过的地块中达到了比未处理地块更高的水平。陷阱显示,在处理过的地块中,商甲和蜘蛛的活性降低作用较弱,但葡萄球菌的活性降低趋势相反。因此,大油田的条件似乎不那么均匀,较小规模的条件可以支持非目标人群的恢复过程。
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