Rapid and simultaneous detection of riboflavin, serotonin, and pyridoxine using Co-MgNi2O3 nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode

Abstract

Monitoring of vitamins and neurotransmitter levels in the human body is a crucial factor in human health diagnosis. In the current study, a novel electrochemical sensor has been constructed using Co-doped MgNi₂O₃ nanoparticles as electrode material for the simultaneous detection of riboflavin (RF), serotonin (SE), and pyridoxine (PY). At optimal conditions, the Co-MgNi₂O₃ nanoparticles–modified glassy carbon electrode exhibited three well-defined anodic peaks corresponding to the oxidation of RF, SE, and PY in phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.0). The fabricated electrode Co-MgNi₂O₃/GCE yielded enhanced peak currents over wide linear ranges of 1–900 μM, 0.1–70 μM, and 1–120 μM for RF, SE, and PY with the corresponding limits of detection (S/N = 3) for the analytes as 1.92, 0.70, and 1.04 μΜ, respectively. Real sample analysis of constructed sensors has been carried out successfully in human blood serum, urine, and pharmaceutical samples. The recoveries varied from 93.33 to 112% in spiked real samples, with relative standard deviations less than 8%. In the case of real samples, the recovery values vary from 95.0 to 103.33% with relative standard deviations less than 3.63%. The proposed relatively new electrode material Co-MgNi₂O₃ has been synthesized by chemical method which offers the potential for fabricating low-cost electrochemical sensors for biomedical applications.

Graphical Abstract