An Emerging Role of Extracellular Traps in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

IF 5.4 2区医学 Q1 ALLERGY

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-07 DOI:10.1007/s11882-023-01082-1

Siyuan Zhang, Zhenlin Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complicated, heterogeneous disease likely caused by inflammatory and infectious factors. There is clear evidence that innate immune cells, including neutrophils and eosinophils, play a significant role in CRS. Multiple immune cells, including neutrophils and eosinophils, have been shown to release chromatin and granular proteins into the extracellular space in response to triggering extracellular traps (ETs). The formation of ETs remains controversial due to their critical function during pathogen clearance while being associated with harmful inflammatory illnesses. This article summarizes recent research on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) and their possible significance in the pathophysiology of CRS.

Recent findings: A novel type of programmed cell death called ETosis, which releases ETs, has been proposed by recent study. Significantly more NETs are presented in nasal polyps, and its granule proteins LL-37 induce NETs production in CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients. Similar to NETs, developed in the tissue of nasal polyps, primarily in subepithelial regions with epithelial barrier defects, and are associated with linked to elevated tissue levels of IL-5 and S. aureus colonization. This article provides a comprehensive overview of NETs and EETs, as well as an in-depth understanding of the functions of these ETs in CRS.

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细胞外陷阱在慢性鼻窦炎中的新作用。

综述目的：慢性鼻窦炎是一种复杂、异质性疾病，可能由炎症和感染因素引起。有明确证据表明，包括中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞在内的先天免疫细胞在CRS中发挥着重要作用。包括中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞在内的多种免疫细胞已被证明可以向细胞外空间释放染色质和颗粒蛋白，以响应触发细胞外陷阱（ET）。ET的形成仍然存在争议，因为它们在病原体清除过程中具有关键功能，同时与有害的炎症疾病有关。本文综述了中性粒细胞外陷阱（NETs）和嗜酸性粒细胞外阱（EETs）的最新研究及其在CRS病理生理学中的可能意义。鼻息肉中存在显著更多的NETs，其颗粒蛋白LL-37诱导鼻息肉CRS（CRSwNP）患者产生NETs。类似于NETs，在鼻息肉组织中发生，主要发生在具有上皮屏障缺陷的上皮下区域，并与IL-5和金黄色葡萄球菌定殖的组织水平升高有关。本文全面概述了NET和EET，并深入了解了这些ET在CRS中的功能。

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来源期刊

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 医学-过敏

CiteScore

11.20

自引率

1.80%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The aim of Current Allergy and Asthma Reports is to systematically provide the views of highly selected experts on current advances in the fields of allergy and asthma and highlight the most important papers recently published. All reviews are intended to facilitate the understanding of new advances in science for better diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of allergy and asthma. We accomplish this aim by appointing international experts in major subject areas across the discipline to review select topics emphasizing recent developments and highlighting important new papers and emerging concepts. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Over a one- to two-year period, readers are updated on all the major advances in allergy and asthma.