Sex-specific dendritic morphology of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in the adolescent and young adult rats

IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q3 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Parisa Yarmohammadi-Samani, Jafar Vatanparast
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons are the major sources of hippocampal efferents. The structural features of these neurons are presumed to be involved in various normal/abnormal cognitive and emotional outcomes by influencing the pattern of synaptic inputs and neuronal signal processing. Although many studies have described hippocampal structure differences between males and females, these reports mainly focused on gross anatomical features in adult or aged models, and such distinctions on neuronal morphology and dendritic spine density during adolescence, a period of high vulnerability to neurodevelopmental disorders, have received much less attention. In this work, we analyzed dendritic architecture and density of spines in CA1 and CA3 neurons of male and female rats in early adolescence (postnatal day, PND 40) and compared them with those in late adolescence/young adulthood (PND 60). On PND 40, CA1 neurons of male rats showed more Sholl intersections and spine density in apical and basal dendrites compared to those in females. The Sholl intersections in basal dendrites of CA3 neurons were also more in males, whereas the number of apical dendrite intersections was not significantly different between sexes. In male rats, there was a notable decrease in the number of branch and terminal points in the basal dendrite of CA1 neurons of young adults when compared to their sex-matched adolescent rats. On the other hand, CA1 neurons in young adult females also showed more Sholl intersections in apical and basal dendrites compared to adolescent females. Meanwhile, the total cable length, the number of branches, and terminal points of apical dendrites in CA3 neurons also exhibited a significant reduction in young adult male rats compared to their sex-matched adolescents. In young adult rats, both apical and basal dendrites of CA3 neurons in males showed fewer intersections with Sholl circles, but there were no significant differences in dendritic spine density or count estimation between males and females. On the other hand, young adult female rats had more Sholl intersections and dendritic spine count on the basal dendrites of CA3 neurons compared to adolescent females. Although no significant sex- and age-dependent difference in neuronal density was detected in CA1 and CA3 subareas, CA3 pyramidal neurons of both male and female rats showed reduced soma area compared to adolescent rats. Our findings show that the sex differences in the dendritic structure of CA1 and CA3 neurons vary by age and also by the compartments of dendritic arbors. Such variations in the morphology of hippocampal pyramidal neurons may take part as a basis for normal cognitive and affective differences between the sexes, as well as distinct sensitivity to interfering factors and the prevalence of neuropsychological diseases.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

青春期和年轻成年大鼠海马锥体神经元的性别特异性树突形态。
CA1和CA3锥体神经元是海马传出的主要来源。这些神经元的结构特征被认为通过影响突触输入和神经元信号处理的模式而参与各种正常/异常的认知和情绪结果。尽管许多研究描述了男性和女性之间的海马结构差异,但这些报告主要集中在成人或老年模型的大体解剖特征上,而青春期(神经发育障碍的高发期)神经元形态和树突棘密度的这种差异却没有受到太多关注。在这项工作中,我们分析了青春期早期(出生后第40天,PND 40)雄性和雌性大鼠CA1和CA3神经元的树突结构和棘密度,并将其与青春期晚期/青年期(PND 60)进行了比较。在PND40上,与雌性相比,雄性大鼠的CA1神经元在顶端和基底树突中显示出更多的Sholl交叉点和脊椎密度。CA3神经元基底树突中的Sholl交叉点在男性中也更多,而顶端树突交叉点的数量在性别之间没有显著差异。在雄性大鼠中,与性别匹配的青春期大鼠相比,年轻成年大鼠CA1神经元基底树突的分支和终点数量显著减少。另一方面,与青春期女性相比,年轻成年女性的CA1神经元在顶端和基底树突中也显示出更多的Sholl交叉。同时,与性别匹配的青少年相比,年轻成年雄性大鼠的CA3神经元的总电缆长度、分支数量和顶端树突的终点也显著减少。在年轻成年大鼠中,雄性CA3神经元的顶端和基底树突与绍尔圆的交叉较少,但雄性和雌性之间的树突棘密度或计数估计没有显著差异。另一方面,与青春期雌性相比,年轻成年雌性大鼠在CA3神经元的基底树突上有更多的Sholl交叉点和树突棘计数。尽管在CA1和CA3亚区未检测到神经元密度的显著性别和年龄依赖性差异,但与青春期大鼠相比,雄性和雌性大鼠的CA3锥体神经元的胞体面积均减少。我们的研究结果表明,CA1和CA3神经元树突结构的性别差异因年龄和树突乔木的区室而异。海马锥体神经元形态的这种变化可能是性别之间正常认知和情感差异的基础,也是对干扰因素和神经心理疾病流行的明显敏感性的基础。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
5.60%
发文量
78
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience publishes original research articles and critical review papers on all fundamental and clinical aspects of nervous system development, renewal and regeneration, as well as on the effects of genetic and environmental perturbations of brain development and homeostasis leading to neurodevelopmental disorders and neurological conditions. Studies describing the involvement of stem cells in nervous system maintenance and disease (including brain tumours), stem cell-based approaches for the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases, roles of neuroinflammation in development and disease, and neuroevolution are also encouraged. Investigations using molecular, cellular, physiological, genetic and epigenetic approaches in model systems ranging from simple invertebrates to human iPSC-based 2D and 3D models are encouraged, as are studies using experimental models that provide behavioural or evolutionary insights. The journal also publishes Special Issues dealing with topics at the cutting edge of research edited by Guest Editors appointed by the Editor in Chief. A major aim of the journal is to facilitate the transfer of fundamental studies of nervous system development, maintenance, and disease to clinical applications. The journal thus intends to disseminate valuable information for both biologists and physicians. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience is owned and supported by The International Society for Developmental Neuroscience (ISDN), an organization of scientists interested in advancing developmental neuroscience research in the broadest sense.
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