Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Assess Characteristics, Mechanisms, and Risk Factors.
Samar Al-Hajj, Sarah H Farran, Batoul Dekmak, Layal Hneiny, Hussein Abou Abbas, Aya Hassoun, Nadine Youness, Sarah Ghalayini, Nour Abou Khalil, Fiona Lecky, Shima Shahjouieh, Layal Ghamlouche, Zainab Nasrallah, Firas Kobeissy
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Abstract
Pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) represents a major cause of child injuries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This review aims to assess pTBIs in the MENA region and reports their clinical severity and outcomes. A search was conducted using major electronic databases, including Medline/Ovid, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Abstracts were screened independently and in duplicate to detect original research. The objective and study findings for each article were recorded, along with the mechanism of pTBI, patient age and sex, injury assessment tool(s) used, and outcome. A total of 1345 articles were retrieved, of which 152 met the criteria for full-text review, and 32 were included in this review. Males predominantly suffered from pTBIs (78%). Motor vehicle accidents, followed by child abuse, were the leading causes of pTBI. Overall, 0.39% of cases were mild, 0.58% moderate, 16.25% severe, and 82.27% unclassified. The mortality rate was 13.11%. Most studies used the computed tomography scan, Glasgow Coma Scale, Abbreviated Injury Scale, and Injury Severity Score as investigation methods. This review reports on the alarming rate of child-abuse-related pTBI and offers further understanding of pTBI-associated risk factors and insight into the development of strategies to reduce their occurrence, as well as policies to promote child well-being.
儿童创伤性脑损伤(pTBI)是中东和北非(MENA)地区儿童损伤的主要原因。本综述旨在评估中东和北非地区的pTBI,并报告其临床严重程度和结果。使用主要的电子数据库进行搜索,包括Medline/Ovid、PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science和SCOPUS。摘要是独立筛选的,一式两份,以检测原始研究。记录每篇文章的目的和研究结果,以及pTBI的机制、患者年龄和性别、使用的损伤评估工具和结果。共检索到1345篇文章,其中152篇符合全文审查标准,32篇被纳入本次审查。雄性主要患有pTBI(78%)。机动车事故,其次是虐待儿童,是pTBI的主要原因。总体而言,0.39%的病例为轻度,0.58%为中度,16.25%为重度,82.27%为未分类。死亡率为13.11%。大多数研究使用计算机断层扫描、格拉斯哥昏迷量表、缩写损伤量表和损伤严重程度评分作为调查方法。这篇综述报告了与儿童虐待相关的pTBI的惊人比率,并进一步了解了与pTBI相关的风险因素,深入了解了减少其发生的策略以及促进儿童福祉的政策的制定。