Impairments in Cognitive and Emotional Empathy as Markers of General versus Specific Personality Pathology.

IF 1.9 3区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Psychopathology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-31 DOI:10.1159/000533861

Ludwig Ohse, Johannes Zimmermann, André Kerber, Leonie Kampe, Jil Mohr, Robert Schierz, Michael Rentrop, Isabel Dziobek, Susanne Hörz-Sagstetter

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: The alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 5th edition (DSM-5) considers impairments in empathy a basic feature of personality disorders (PDs). In contrast, the AMPD pathological personality trait model and the categorical DSM-5 Section II PD model associate deficits in empathy to specific forms of personality pathology. The present study investigated to what extent impairments in cognitive and emotional empathy are markers of general versus specific personality pathology.

Methods: In a clinical sample (n = 119), the Multifaceted Empathy Test was used to assess cognitive empathy, emotional empathy for positive emotions, and emotional empathy for negative emotions. Personality functioning, pathological personality traits, and DSM-5 Section II PDs were assessed via interviews and self-reports. Confirmatory factor analyses were applied to associate the three empathy facets with the three personality pathology approaches, each modeled with general personality pathology (common factor) and specific personality pathology (residuals of indicators).

Results: Impairments in cognitive empathy and emotional empathy for positive emotions were significantly correlated with general personality pathology. All three empathy facets were also correlated to specific personality pathology when controlling for general personality pathology, respectively. Impairments in cognitive empathy were incrementally associated with identity and empathy (personality functioning), psychoticism (pathological personality traits), and paranoid and dependent PD (DSM-5 Section II PDs). Deficits in emotional empathy for positive emotions were incrementally associated with self-direction and intimacy (personality functioning) and detachment (pathological personality traits). Impairments in emotional empathy for negative emotions were incrementally associated with antagonism (pathological personality traits) and antisocial PD (DSM-5 Section II PDs).

Conclusion: The results suggest that impairments in cognitive empathy and emotional empathy for positive emotions, but not for negative emotions, are markers of general personality pathology, while deficits in the three empathy facets are also markers for specific personality pathology.

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认知和情感移情障碍作为一般与特定人格病理学的标志。

引言：《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第5版（DSM-5）的人格障碍替代模型（AMPD）认为移情障碍是人格障碍的基本特征。相反，AMPD病理性人格特质模型和DSM-5分类第二节PD模型将移情缺陷与特定形式的人格病理联系起来。本研究调查了认知和情感移情障碍在多大程度上是一般和特定人格病理学的标志。方法：在一个临床样本（n=119）中，使用多方面移情测试来评估认知移情、对积极情绪的情感移情和对消极情绪的情感同理。通过访谈和自我报告评估人格功能、病理性人格特征和DSM-5第二节PD。采用验证性因素分析将移情的三个方面与三种人格病理学方法联系起来，结果：认知移情和情感移情对积极情绪的影响与一般人格病理显著相关。在控制一般人格病理学时，所有三个移情方面也分别与特定人格病理学相关。认知移情的损害与身份和移情（人格功能）、精神质（病理性人格特征）以及偏执和依赖性PD（DSM-5第二节PD）逐渐相关。对积极情绪的情感移情缺陷与自我导向、亲密感（人格功能）和超然（病理性人格特征）逐渐相关。对负面情绪的情感移情障碍与对抗性（病理性人格特征）和反社会PD（DSM-5 Section II PD）呈递增关系。结论：研究结果表明，对正面情绪的认知移情和情感移情障碍是一般人格病理的标志，而对负面情绪则不是，而移情三个方面的缺陷也是特定人格病理学的标志。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Psychopathology 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

5.60%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： ''Psychopathology'' is a record of research centered on findings, concepts, and diagnostic categories of phenomenological, experimental and clinical psychopathology. Studies published are designed to improve and deepen the knowledge and understanding of the pathogenesis and nature of psychopathological symptoms and psychological dysfunctions. Furthermore, the validity of concepts applied in the neurosciences of mental functions are evaluated in order to closely bring together the mind and the brain. Major topics of the journal are trajectories between biological processes and psychological dysfunction that can help us better understand a subject’s inner experiences and interpersonal behavior. Descriptive psychopathology, experimental psychopathology and neuropsychology, developmental psychopathology, transcultural psychiatry as well as philosophy-based phenomenology contribute to this field.