Uncovering the Role of Erythrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Malaria: From Immune Regulation to Cell Communication

Q3 Medicine

Journal of Circulating Biomarkers Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI:10.5772/58596

Johan Ankarklev, D. Hjelmqvist, Pierre-Yves Mantel

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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Investigation of the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in parasite biology has burgeoned in recent years. Human infecting protozoan parasites, such as Trypanosoma cruzi, Lesihmania sp. and Trichomonas vaginalis, have all demonstrated the utilization of EVs as virulence factors in order to activate or hamper host immunity. Novel findings have provided evidence that the deployment of EVs by Plasmodium sp. has a major impact in disease outcomes and serves as an integral part in controlling stage switching in its life cycle. Clinical studies have highlighted elevated levels of EVs in patients with severe malaria disease and EVs have been linked to increased sequestration of infected red blood cells to the endothelium, causing obstruction of blood flow. It has also been found that EVs produced during malaria disease activate innate immunity. Intriguingly, recent discoveries indicate that Plasmodium sp. “highjack” the erythrocyte microvesiculation system in order to cross-communicate. Both the transfer of DNA and parasite density regulation has been suggested as key mechanisms of EVs in malaria biology.

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揭示红细胞来源的细胞外囊泡在疟疾中的作用:从免疫调节到细胞通讯

近年来，关于细胞外囊泡(EVs)在寄生虫生物学中的作用的研究迅速发展。人类感染的原生动物寄生虫，如克氏锥虫、莱希曼原虫和阴道毛滴虫，都显示出利用EVs作为毒力因子来激活或阻碍宿主免疫。新的研究结果提供了证据，证明疟原虫的ev部署对疾病结局有重大影响，并在控制其生命周期的阶段转换中起着不可或缺的作用。临床研究强调，严重疟疾患者的EVs水平升高，并且EVs与受感染的红细胞与内皮细胞的隔离增加有关，从而导致血液流动受阻。还发现疟疾期间产生的ev可激活先天免疫。有趣的是，最近的发现表明，疟原虫“劫持”红细胞微泡系统以进行交叉交流。DNA转移和寄生虫密度调节被认为是EVs在疟疾生物学中的关键机制。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Circulating Biomarkers Medicine-Biochemistry (medical)

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

8 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Circulating Biomarkers is an international, peer-reviewed, open access scientific journal focusing on all aspects of the rapidly growing field of circulating blood-based biomarkers and diagnostics using circulating protein and lipid markers, circulating tumor cells (CTC), circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes and apoptotic bodies. The journal publishes high-impact articles that deal with all fields related to circulating biomarkers and diagnostics, ranging from basic science to translational and clinical applications. Papers from a wide variety of disciplines are welcome; interdisciplinary studies are especially suitable for this journal. Included within the scope are a broad array of specialties including (but not limited to) cancer, immunology, neurology, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular medicine, regenerative medicine, nosology, physiology, pathology, technological applications in diagnostics, therapeutics, vaccine, drug delivery, regenerative medicine, drug development and clinical trials. The journal also hosts reviews, perspectives and news on specific topics.