Variation Effects of Mobile Phone Frequencies and Exposure Durations on Selected Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of Male Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract

The effects of different frequencies and exposure duration on selected oxidative stress biomarkers of male albino wistar rats were studied. Sixty (60) rats were used for the study. The rats were divided into two major groups of thirty (30) rats each, and each major group were further divided into sub-groups, I-VI, of five (5) rats each according to their weights. The rats in major groups, A and B, were exposed for ninety (90) and one hundred and eighty (180) days respectively. The rats in sub-group I, II, and III were exposed to 900 MHz field from mobile phones for 5 h/day, 10 h/day, 15 h/day respectively, while the rats in subgroup IV were exposed to 2.4 GHz field for 24 h/day. Rats in subgroups V and VI were the normal and negative controls respectively. At the end of 90 and 180 days, the rats were anaesthetized; blood samples were collected for assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers. The activities of SOD, CAT and the concentration of MDA from subgroup III were 12.69 ± 0.60, 14.74 ± 0.07, and 2.03 ± 0.10 respectively. The activities of SOD, CAT and the concentration of MDA at these varying exposure time for 90 days duration were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of positive and negative controls which were 8.64 ± 0.35, 9.60 ± 0.47, 1.03 ± 0.02 and 9.04 ± 0.02, 10.43 ± 0.51, 1.20 ± 0.20 respectively. At the exposure duration of 180 days, the activities of the SOD, CAT and the concentration of MDA were assessed. The activities of SOD, CAT and the concentration of MDA from subgroup III were 13.47 ± 0.51, 14.84 ± 0.07, and 2.11 ± 0.10 respectively. The activities of SOD, CAT and the concentration of MDA at these varying exposure time for 180 days were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of positive and negative controls which were 8.91 ± 0.10, 9.94 ± 0.13, 1.18 ± 0.19; and 9.09 ± 0.03, 10.45 ± 0.49, 1.38 ± 0.20 respectively. At the different frequency of 2.4 GHz, the activities of the enzyme and the concentration of MDA were also assayed. At the exposure of 90 days duration, the activities of SOD, CAT and the concentration of MDA were 14.49 ± 0.29, 15.77 ± 0.10, and 2.67 ± 0.04 respectively. At the exposure of 180 days duration, the activities of SOD, CAT and MDA were 14.96 ± 0.10, 15.86 ± 0.11, and 3.00 ± 0.08 respectively. In general, the activities of SOD, CAT and MDA at the frequency of 2.4 GHz for the exposure duration of 90 and 180 days were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those positive and negative controls. From our findings, it can be concluded that different frequencies (900 MHz and 2.4 GHz) and exposure durations (90 and 180 days), can induce oxidative stress in living system. Variation Effects of Mobile Phone Frequencies and Exposure Durations on Selected Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of Male Wistar Albino Rats