Breast milk and kangaroo care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), simple interventions, and great results.

Abstract

Currently the rate of premature births as well as the survival of these babies has increased, becoming a serious global health problem. In the Guadalupe Victoria Maternal and Child Hospital in Atizapan Mexico, around 3,500 births are attended each year, of which 419 patients required hospitalization for various reasons, the main one being: prematurity, as we are in a developing country where resources are often insufficient, strategies must be sought so that the culture of prevention can reduce the length of hospital stay by reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality. It is important to mention that the Hospital has the accreditation as a Hospital that is friendly to the child and the mother, being in favor of feeding with breast milk, and insofar as the patient's conditions allow it to start with kangaroo care. Strategies that manage to influence in a positive way the evolution of hospitalized children. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the incidence in the premature birth is around 11.1%. Frequency in places with low income is between 12%-18%, finding that Asia and Africa are areas with high rates. In Mexico, a rate of 7.3% is reported in agreement. To the records of the same organization. Prematurity is considered a multifactorial syndrome which has multiple etiologies. Some of the main maternal risk factors are: malnutrition, little weight gain in pregnancy, infections and extreme maternal ages, short intergenetic period and/or obstetric complications, use of assisted reproductive techniques, multiple pregnancies. These premature new-borns, compared to term babies, have a higher morbidity and mortality rate. Being the second most common cause of death in children less than 5 years of age and it is the first cause in developed countries. Associated with higher risk of development of multiple pathologies in adult life; Therefore, safe strategies are sought, not only to improve their survival, but also their quality of life, thinking about the possible scenarios that could arise, with the purpose that by providing bioactive factors (human milk,) colonization with microbiome adequate, (kangaroo breast method) and avoiding colonization with pathogenic bacteria responsible for sepsis, (correct hand hygiene) to intervene positively influencing achieving an adequate metabolic programming in the development of each one. Conclusion: Simple and low-cost interventions that have a high impact on the evolution of critically ill hospitalized new-borns, both in their stay and in their future development, two of these actions are: feeding with human milk as well as establishing the program Kangaroo breast as a treatment.