Arrangement of Human Cell Metaphase Chromosomes on the Equatorial Plate

Abstract

Chromosome is an important hereditary material that maintains the genetic stability of an organism. The structure and location of different chromosomes in the cell governs the basis, how it expresses the genetic effects in the cell and thereby in the whole organism. The chromosome territories (CTs) suggest the location of the chromosomes within the cell by analyzing the karyotypes of human cells. We assume the location and arrangement of chromosomes in the cells is by the interrelationship between chromosomes. More than 100 years ago a Cytologist named Theodor, proposed the idea of chromosome territories. It is indicated that chromosomes are not randomly distributed in Metaphase. This hypothesis is still not directly supported by any laboratory work. We have found in our clinical research that there is a high degree of karyotype expression, so we took a supportive position on this hypothesis but, in order to find the existence of such interrelationships between chromosomes, we conducted a statistical analysis of a large number of existing karyotypic data. In analyzed data we found a clear dominance of long arm over short arm of chromosome according to its activity, with exceptions in specific chromosomes. From the chromosomes statistical data that karyotype occurring between the short arms is relatively small then that of long arm. From the present data it was clear that the exchange of genetic material between the long-long arm is > than exchange of genetic material among long-short arm and short-short arm of the chromosome. Based on the frequency of chromosomal material exchange patterns for arrangement can be considered as circular arrangement, or honeycomb arrangement.