L W Hou, A Giraldo, J Z Groenewald, T Rämä, R C Summerbell, G Z Huang, L Cai, P W Crous
{"title":"Redisposition of acremonium-like fungi in <i>Hypocreales</i>.","authors":"L W Hou, A Giraldo, J Z Groenewald, T Rämä, R C Summerbell, G Z Huang, L Cai, P W Crous","doi":"10.3114/sim.2023.105.02","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Acremonium</i> is acknowledged as a highly ubiquitous genus including saprobic, parasitic, or endophytic fungi that inhabit a variety of environments. Species of this genus are extensively exploited in industrial, commercial, pharmaceutical, and biocontrol applications, and proved to be a rich source of novel and bioactive secondary metabolites. <i>Acremonium</i> has been recognised as a taxonomically difficult group of ascomycetes, due to the reduced and high plasticity of morphological characters, wide ecological distribution and substrate range. Recent advances in molecular phylogenies, revealed that <i>Acremonium</i> is highly polyphyletic and members of <i>Acremonium</i> <i>s. lat.</i> belong to at least three distinct orders of <i>Sordariomycetes</i>, of which numerous orders, families and genera with acremonium-like morphs remain undefined. To infer the phylogenetic relationships and establish a natural classification for acremonium-like taxa, systematic analyses were conducted based on a large number of cultures with a global distribution and varied substrates. A total of 633 cultures with acremonium-like morphology, including 261 ex-type cultures from 89 countries and a variety of substrates including soil, plants, fungi, humans, insects, air, and water were examined. An overview phylogenetic tree based on three loci (ITS, LSU, <i>rpb2</i>) was generated to delimit the orders and families. Separate trees based on a combined analysis of four loci (ITS, LSU, <i>rpb2</i>, <i>tef-1α</i>) were used to delimit species at generic and family levels. Combined with the morphological features, host associations and ecological analyses, acremonium-like species evaluated in the present study are currently assigned to 63 genera, and 14 families in <i>Cephalothecales,</i> <i>Glomerellales</i> and <i>Hypocreales</i>, mainly in the families <i>Bionectriaceae</i>, <i>Plectosphaerellaceae</i> and <i>Sarocladiaceae</i> and five new hypocrealean families, namely <i>Chrysonectriaceae</i>, <i>Neoacremoniaceae</i>, <i>Nothoacremoniaceae</i>, <i>Pseudoniessliaceae</i> and <i>Valsonectriaceae</i>. Among them, 17 new genera and 63 new combinations are proposed, with descriptions of 65 new species. Furthermore, one epitype and one neotype are designated to stabilise the taxonomy and use of older names. Results of this study demonstrated that most species of <i>Acremonium</i> <i>s. lat.</i> grouped in genera of <i>Bionectriaceae</i>, including the type <i>A</i>. <i>alternatum</i>. A phylogenetic backbone tree is provided for <i>Bionectriaceae</i>, in which 183 species are recognised and 39 well-supported genera are resolved, including 10 new genera. Additionally, <i>rpb2</i> and <i>tef-1α</i> are proposed as potential DNA barcodes for the identification of taxa in <i>Bionectriaceae</i>. <b>Taxonomic novelties: New families:</b> <i>Chrysonectriaceae</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Neoacremoniaceae</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Nothoacremoniaceae</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Pseudoniessliaceae</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Valsonectriaceae</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous. <b>New genera: Bionectriaceae</b>: <i>Alloacremonium</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Gossypinidium</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Monohydropisphaera</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Musananaesporium</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Paragliomastix</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Proliferophialis</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Proxiovicillium</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Ramosiphorum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Verruciconidia</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Waltergamsia</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Clavicipitaceae:</i></b> <i>Subuliphorum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Neoacremoniaceae:</i></b> <i>Neoacremonium</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Nothoacremoniaceae:</i></b> <i>Nothoacremonium</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Plectosphaerellaceae:</i></b> <i>Allomusicillium</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Parafuscohypha</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Pseudoniessliaceae:</i></b> <i>Pseudoniesslia</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Sarocladiaceae:</i></b> <i>Polyphialocladium</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous. <b>New species: <i>Bionectriaceae:</i></b> <i>Alloacremonium ferrugineum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Al.</i> <i>humicola</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Acremonium aerium</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>A. brunneisporum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>A. chlamydosporium</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>A. ellipsoideum</i> L.W. Hou, Rämä, L. Cai & Crous, <i>A. gamsianum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>A. longiphialidicum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>A. multiramosum</i> L.W. Hou, Rämä, L. Cai & Crous, <i>A. mycoparasiticum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>A. stroudii</i> K. Fletcher, F.C. Küpper & P. van West, <i>A. subulatum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>A. synnematoferum</i> L.W. Hou, Rämä, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Bulbithecium ammophilae</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>B. ellipsoideum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>B. truncatum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Emericellopsis brunneiguttula</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Gliomastix musae</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Gossypinidium sporodochiale</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Hapsidospora stercoraria</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>H.</i> <i>variabilis</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Mycocitrus odorus</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Nectriopsis ellipsoidea</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Paracylindrocarpon aurantiacum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Pn. foliicola</i> Lechat & J. Fourn., <i>Paragliomastix rosea</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Proliferophialis apiculata</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Protocreopsis finnmarkica</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai, Rämä & Crous, <i>Proxiovicillium lepidopterorum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Ramosiphorum echinoporiae</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>R. polyporicola</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>R. thailandicum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Verruciconidia erythroxyli</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Ve. infuscata</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Ve. quercina</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Ve. siccicapita</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Ve. unguis</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Waltergamsia alkalina</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>W. catenata</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>W. moroccensis</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>W. obpyriformis</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Chrysonectriaceae:</i></b> <i>Chrysonectria crystallifera</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Nectriaceae:</i></b> <i>Xenoacremonium allantoideum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Neoacremoniaceae:</i></b> <i>Neoacremonium distortum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>N. flavum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Nothoacremoniaceae:</i></b> <i>Nothoacremonium subcylindricum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>No. vesiculophorum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Myrotheciomycetaceae:</i></b> Trichothecium hongkongense L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Plectosphaerellaceae:</i></b> <i>Brunneomyces</i> <i>polyphialidus</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Parafuscohypha proliferata</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Sarocladiaceae:</i></b> <i>Chlamydocillium acaciae</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>C. antarcticum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>C. guttulatum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>C. lolii</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>C. soli</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>C. terrestre</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Parasarocladium chondroidum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous,<i>Polyphialocladium fusisporum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Sarocladium agarici</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>S. citri</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>S.</i> <i>ferrugineum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>S. fuscum</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous,<i>S. theobromae</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Valsonectriaceae:</i></b> <i>Valsonectria crystalligena</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>V. hilaris</i> L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous. <b>New combinations:</b> <b><i>Bionectriaceae:</i></b> <i>Acremonium purpurascens</i> (Sukapure & Thirum.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Bulbithecium arxii</i> (Malloch) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Bu. borodinense</i> (Tad. Ito <i>et al</i>.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Bu. pinkertoniae</i> (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Bu. spinosum</i> (Negroni) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Emericellopsis</i> <i>exuviara</i> (Sigler <i>et al.</i>) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>E. fimetaria</i> (Pers.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>E. fuci</i> (Summerb. <i>et al.</i>) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>E. moniliformis</i> (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>E. salmonea</i> (W. Gams & Lodha) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>E. tubakii</i> (Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Fusariella arenula</i> (Berk. & Broome) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Hapsidospora chrysogena</i> (Thirum. & Sukapure) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>H. flava</i> (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>H. globosa</i> (Malloch & Cain) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>H. inversa</i> (Malloch & Cain) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Hydropisphaera aurantiaca</i> (C.A. Jørg.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Lasionectria atrorubra</i> (Lechat & J. Fourn.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>L. bisepta</i> (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>L. castaneicola</i> (Lechat & Gardiennet) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>L. cerealis</i> (P. Karst.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>L. olida</i> (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Lasionectriopsis dentifera</i> (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Lasionectriella arenuloides</i> (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>La. marigotensis</i> (Lechat & J. Fourn.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Monohydropisphaera fusigera</i> (Berk. & Broome) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Musananaesporium tectonae</i> (R.F. Castañeda) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Mycocitrus</i> <i>zonatus</i> (Sawada) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Nectriopsis</i> <i>microspora</i> (Jaap) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Ovicillium asperulatum</i> (A. Giraldo <i>et al.</i>) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>O. variecolor</i> (A. Giraldo <i>et al</i>.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Paracylindrocarpon multiloculatum</i> (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Pn. multiseptatum</i> (Samuels)L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Paragliomastix chiangraiensis</i> (J.F. Li <i>et al</i>.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Px. luzulae</i> (Fuckel) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Px. znieffensis</i> (Lechat & J. Fourn.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Protocreopsis rutila</i> (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Proxiovicillium blochii</i> (Matr.)L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Stanjemonium dichromosporum</i> (Gams & Sivasith.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Verruciconidia persicina</i> (Nicot) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Ve. verruculosa</i> (W. Gams & Veenb.-Rijks) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Waltergamsia citrina</i> (A. Giraldo <i>et al</i>.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>W. dimorphospora</i> (A. Giraldo <i>et al.</i>) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>W. epimycota</i> (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>W. fusidioides</i> (Nicot) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>W. hennebertii</i> (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>W. parva</i> (A. Giraldo <i>et al.</i>) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>W. pilosa</i> (A. Giraldo <i>et al.</i>) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>W. zeylanica</i> (Petch) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Cephalothecaceae:</i></b> <i>Phialemonium</i> <i>thermophilum</i> (W. Gams & J. Lacey) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Clavicipitaceae:</i></b> <i>Subuliphorum camptosporum</i> (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b>Coniochaetaceae</b>: <i>Coniochaeta psammospora</i> (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Nothoacremoniaceae:</i></b> <i>Nothoacremonium exiguum</i> (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Neoacremoniaceae:</i></b> <i>Neoacremonium minutisporum</i> (Sukapure & Thirum.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <i>Ne. taiwanense</i> (K.L. Pang <i>et al</i>.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <i>Ne. vitellinum</i> (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Plectosphaerellaceae:</i></b> <i>Allomusicillium</i> <i>domschii</i> (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Brunneomyces pseudozeylanicus</i> (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Pseudoniessliaceae:</i></b> <i>Pseudoniesslia minutispora</i> (W. Gams <i>et al</i>.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Sarocladiaceae:</i></b> <i>Chlamydocillium curvulum</i> (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>Parasarocladium funiculosum</i> (Sukapure & Thirum.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; <b><i>Valsonectriaceae:</i></b> <i>Valsonectria inflata</i> (C.H. Dickinson) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, <i>V. roseola</i> (G. Sm.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous. <b>Epitype (basionym):</b> <i>Sphaeria violacea</i> J.C. Schmidt ex Fr. <b>Neotype (basionym):</b> <i>Mastigocladium blochii</i> Matr. <b>Citation:</b> Hou LW, Giraldo A, Groenewald JZ, Rämä T, Summerbell RC, Zang P, Cai L, Crous PW (2023). Redisposition of acremonium-like fungi in <i>Hypocreales</i>. <i>Studies in Mycology</i> <b>105</b>: 23-203. doi: 10.3114/sim.2023.105.02.</p>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11182610/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Studies in Mycology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2023.105.02","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/6/2 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MYCOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Acremonium is acknowledged as a highly ubiquitous genus including saprobic, parasitic, or endophytic fungi that inhabit a variety of environments. Species of this genus are extensively exploited in industrial, commercial, pharmaceutical, and biocontrol applications, and proved to be a rich source of novel and bioactive secondary metabolites. Acremonium has been recognised as a taxonomically difficult group of ascomycetes, due to the reduced and high plasticity of morphological characters, wide ecological distribution and substrate range. Recent advances in molecular phylogenies, revealed that Acremonium is highly polyphyletic and members of Acremoniums. lat. belong to at least three distinct orders of Sordariomycetes, of which numerous orders, families and genera with acremonium-like morphs remain undefined. To infer the phylogenetic relationships and establish a natural classification for acremonium-like taxa, systematic analyses were conducted based on a large number of cultures with a global distribution and varied substrates. A total of 633 cultures with acremonium-like morphology, including 261 ex-type cultures from 89 countries and a variety of substrates including soil, plants, fungi, humans, insects, air, and water were examined. An overview phylogenetic tree based on three loci (ITS, LSU, rpb2) was generated to delimit the orders and families. Separate trees based on a combined analysis of four loci (ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef-1α) were used to delimit species at generic and family levels. Combined with the morphological features, host associations and ecological analyses, acremonium-like species evaluated in the present study are currently assigned to 63 genera, and 14 families in Cephalothecales,Glomerellales and Hypocreales, mainly in the families Bionectriaceae, Plectosphaerellaceae and Sarocladiaceae and five new hypocrealean families, namely Chrysonectriaceae, Neoacremoniaceae, Nothoacremoniaceae, Pseudoniessliaceae and Valsonectriaceae. Among them, 17 new genera and 63 new combinations are proposed, with descriptions of 65 new species. Furthermore, one epitype and one neotype are designated to stabilise the taxonomy and use of older names. Results of this study demonstrated that most species of Acremoniums. lat. grouped in genera of Bionectriaceae, including the type A. alternatum. A phylogenetic backbone tree is provided for Bionectriaceae, in which 183 species are recognised and 39 well-supported genera are resolved, including 10 new genera. Additionally, rpb2 and tef-1α are proposed as potential DNA barcodes for the identification of taxa in Bionectriaceae. Taxonomic novelties: New families:Chrysonectriaceae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Neoacremoniaceae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Nothoacremoniaceae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Pseudoniessliaceae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Valsonectriaceae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous. New genera: Bionectriaceae: Alloacremonium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Gossypinidium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Monohydropisphaera L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Musananaesporium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Paragliomastix L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Proliferophialis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Proxiovicillium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ramosiphorum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Verruciconidia L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Waltergamsia L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Clavicipitaceae:Subuliphorum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Neoacremoniaceae:Neoacremonium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Nothoacremoniaceae:Nothoacremonium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Plectosphaerellaceae:Allomusicillium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Parafuscohypha L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Pseudoniessliaceae:Pseudoniesslia L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Sarocladiaceae:Polyphialocladium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous. New species: Bionectriaceae:Alloacremonium ferrugineum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Al.humicola L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Acremonium aerium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, A. brunneisporum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, A. chlamydosporium L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, A. ellipsoideum L.W. Hou, Rämä, L. Cai & Crous, A. gamsianum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, A. longiphialidicum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, A. multiramosum L.W. Hou, Rämä, L. Cai & Crous, A. mycoparasiticum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, A. stroudii K. Fletcher, F.C. Küpper & P. van West, A. subulatum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, A. synnematoferum L.W. Hou, Rämä, L. Cai & Crous, Bulbithecium ammophilae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, B. ellipsoideum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, B. truncatum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Emericellopsis brunneiguttula L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Gliomastix musae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Gossypinidium sporodochiale L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Hapsidospora stercoraria L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, H.variabilis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Mycocitrus odorus L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Nectriopsis ellipsoidea L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Paracylindrocarpon aurantiacum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Pn. foliicola Lechat & J. Fourn., Paragliomastix rosea L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Proliferophialis apiculata L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Protocreopsis finnmarkica L.W. Hou, L. Cai, Rämä & Crous, Proxiovicillium lepidopterorum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ramosiphorum echinoporiae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, R. polyporicola L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, R. thailandicum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Verruciconidia erythroxyli L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ve. infuscata L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ve. quercina L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ve. siccicapita L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ve. unguis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Waltergamsia alkalina L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. catenata L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. moroccensis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. obpyriformis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Chrysonectriaceae:Chrysonectria crystallifera L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Nectriaceae:Xenoacremonium allantoideum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Neoacremoniaceae:Neoacremonium distortum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, N. flavum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Nothoacremoniaceae:Nothoacremonium subcylindricum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, No. vesiculophorum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Myrotheciomycetaceae: Trichothecium hongkongense L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Plectosphaerellaceae:Brunneomycespolyphialidus L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Parafuscohypha proliferata L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Sarocladiaceae:Chlamydocillium acaciae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, C. antarcticum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, C. guttulatum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, C. lolii L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, C. soli L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, C. terrestre L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Parasarocladium chondroidum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous,Polyphialocladium fusisporum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Sarocladium agarici L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, S. citri L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, S.ferrugineum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, S. fuscum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous,S. theobromae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Valsonectriaceae:Valsonectria crystalligena L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, V. hilaris L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous. New combinations:Bionectriaceae:Acremonium purpurascens (Sukapure & Thirum.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Bulbithecium arxii (Malloch) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Bu. borodinense (Tad. Ito et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Bu. pinkertoniae (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Bu. spinosum (Negroni) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Emericellopsisexuviara (Sigler et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, E. fimetaria (Pers.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, E. fuci (Summerb. et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, E. moniliformis (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, E. salmonea (W. Gams & Lodha) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, E. tubakii (Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Fusariella arenula (Berk. & Broome) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Hapsidospora chrysogena (Thirum. & Sukapure) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, H. flava (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, H. globosa (Malloch & Cain) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, H. inversa (Malloch & Cain) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Hydropisphaera aurantiaca (C.A. Jørg.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Lasionectria atrorubra (Lechat & J. Fourn.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L. bisepta (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L. castaneicola (Lechat & Gardiennet) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L. cerealis (P. Karst.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L. olida (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Lasionectriopsis dentifera (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Lasionectriella arenuloides (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, La. marigotensis (Lechat & J. Fourn.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Monohydropisphaera fusigera (Berk. & Broome) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Musananaesporium tectonae (R.F. Castañeda) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Mycocitruszonatus (Sawada) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Nectriopsismicrospora (Jaap) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ovicillium asperulatum (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, O. variecolor (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Paracylindrocarpon multiloculatum (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Pn. multiseptatum (Samuels)L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Paragliomastix chiangraiensis (J.F. Li et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Px. luzulae (Fuckel) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Px. znieffensis (Lechat & J. Fourn.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Protocreopsis rutila (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Proxiovicillium blochii (Matr.)L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Stanjemonium dichromosporum (Gams & Sivasith.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Verruciconidia persicina (Nicot) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ve. verruculosa (W. Gams & Veenb.-Rijks) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Waltergamsia citrina (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. dimorphospora (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. epimycota (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. fusidioides (Nicot) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. hennebertii (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. parva (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. pilosa (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. zeylanica (Petch) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Cephalothecaceae:Phialemoniumthermophilum (W. Gams & J. Lacey) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Clavicipitaceae:Subuliphorum camptosporum (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Coniochaetaceae: Coniochaeta psammospora (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Nothoacremoniaceae:Nothoacremonium exiguum (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Neoacremoniaceae:Neoacremonium minutisporum (Sukapure & Thirum.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Ne. taiwanense (K.L. Pang et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Ne. vitellinum (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Plectosphaerellaceae:Allomusicilliumdomschii (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Brunneomyces pseudozeylanicus (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Pseudoniessliaceae:Pseudoniesslia minutispora (W. Gams et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Sarocladiaceae:Chlamydocillium curvulum (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Parasarocladium funiculosum (Sukapure & Thirum.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Valsonectriaceae:Valsonectria inflata (C.H. Dickinson) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, V. roseola (G. Sm.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous. Epitype (basionym):Sphaeria violacea J.C. Schmidt ex Fr. Neotype (basionym):Mastigocladium blochii Matr. Citation: Hou LW, Giraldo A, Groenewald JZ, Rämä T, Summerbell RC, Zang P, Cai L, Crous PW (2023). Redisposition of acremonium-like fungi in Hypocreales. Studies in Mycology105: 23-203. doi: 10.3114/sim.2023.105.02.
Cai & Crous, Protocreopsis finnmarkica L.W. Hou, L. Cai, Rämä & Crous, Proxiovicillium lepidopterorum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ramosiphorum echinoporiae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, R. polyporicola L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, R. thailandicum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Verruciconidia erythroxyli L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ve. infuscata L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous.thailandicum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Verruciconidia erythroxyli L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ve. infuscata L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ve. quercina L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ve. siccicapita L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ve. unguis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Waltergis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous.Cai & Crous, Waltergamsia alkalina L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. catenata L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. moroccensis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. obpyriformis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Chrysonectriaceae: Chrysonectria crystallifera L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Nectectriaceae: Chrysonectria crystallifera L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous.Cai & Crous; Nectriaceae: Xenoacremonium allantoideum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Neoacremoniaceae: Neoacremonium distortum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, N. flavum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Nothoacremoniaceae: Nothoacremonium subcylindricum L. W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Nothoacremoniaceae: Nothoacremonium subcylindricum L. W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, No. vesiculophorum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Myrotheciomycetaceae: Trichothecium hongkongense L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Plectosphaerellaceae: Brunneomyces polyphialidus L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Parafuscohypha proliferata L. W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous.Sarocladiaceae: Chlamydocillium acaciae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, C. antarcticum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, C. guttulatum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, C. lolii L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, C. soli L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous.Hou, L. Cai & Crous, C. terrestre L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Parasarocladium chondroidum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Polyphialocladium fusisporum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Sarocladium agarici L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, S. citri L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, S. citri L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, S. citri L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, S. citri L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous.Cai & Crous,S. ferrugineum L.W.Hou,L. Cai & Crous,S. fuscum L.W.Hou,L. Cai & Crous,S. theobromae L.W.Hou,L. Cai & Crous;Valsonectriaceae:Valsonectria crystalligena L.W.Hou,L. Cai & Crous,V. hilaris L.W.Hou,L. Cai & Crous。New combinations: Bionectriaceae: Acremonium purpurascens (Sukapure & Thirum.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Bulbithecium arxii (Malloch) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Bu.Borodinense (Tad. Ito et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Bulbithecium arxii (Malloch) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Bu.L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Emericellopsis exuviara (Sigler et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, E. fimetaria (Pers.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, E. fuci (Summerb. et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous.等人) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, E. moniliformis (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, E. salmonea (W. Gams & Lodha) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, E. tubakii (Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, E. L. Tubakii (Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous.tubakii (Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Fusariella arenula (Berk. & Broome) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Hapsidospora chrysogena (Thirum. & Sukapure) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous.Hou, L. Cai & Crous, H. flava (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, H. globosa (Malloch & Cain) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, H. inversa (Malloch & Cain) L.W.Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Hydropisphaera aurantiaca (C.A. Jørg.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Lasionectria atrorubra (Lechat & J. Fourn.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L. bisepta (W. G.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous.bisepta (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L. castaneicola (Lechat & Gardiennet) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, L. cerealis (P. Karst.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous.Cai & Crous, L. olida (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Lasionectriopsis dentifera (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Lasionectriella arenuloides (Samuels) L. W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous.marigotensis (Lechat & J. Fourn.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Monohydropisphaera fusigera (Berk. & Broome) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Musanectriopsis dentifera (Samels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Lasionectriella arenuloides (Samuels) L. W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, La.Cai & Crous, Musananaesporium tectonae (R.F. Castañeda) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Mycocitrus zonatus (Sawada) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Nectriopsis microspora (Jaap) L. W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous.Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ovicillium asperulatum (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, O. variecolor (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W.Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Paracylindrocarpon multiloculatum (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Pn.L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Paragliomastix chiangraiensis (J.F. Li et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Px.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Protocreopsis rutila (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Proxiovicillium blochii (Matr.)L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Stanjj.Cai & Crous, Stanjemonium dichromosporum (Gams & Sivasith.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Verruciconidia persicina (Nicot) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, Ve. verruculosa (W. Gams & Veenb.- Rijks) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous.L.W. Hou,L. Cai & Crous,Waltergamsia citrina (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou,L. Cai & Crous,W. dimorphospora (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou,L. Cai & Crous,W.epimycota (Samuels) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. fusidioides (Nicot) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. hennebertii (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. parva (A. Giraldo et al.) L. W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous.W. W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. pilosa (A. Giraldo et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous, W. zeylanica (Petch) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Cephalothecaceae: Phialemonium thermophilum (W. Gams & J. Lacey).Cephalothecaceae: Phialemonium thermophilum (W. Gams & J. Lacey) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Clavicipitaceae: Subuliphorum camptosporum (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Coniochaetaceae: Coniochaeta psammospora (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous; Coniochaeta psammospora (W. Gams) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous.
期刊介绍:
The international journal Studies in Mycology focuses on advancing the understanding of filamentous fungi, yeasts, and various aspects of mycology. It publishes comprehensive systematic monographs as well as topical issues covering a wide range of subjects including biotechnology, ecology, molecular biology, pathology, and systematics. This Open-Access journal offers unrestricted access to its content.
Each issue of Studies in Mycology consists of around 5 to 6 papers, either in the form of monographs or special focused topics. Unlike traditional length restrictions, the journal encourages submissions of manuscripts with a minimum of 50 A4 pages in print. This ensures a thorough exploration and presentation of the research findings, maximizing the depth of the published work.