اثر بسترهای کشت بر رشد و نمو و پاجوشدهی پاندانوس

Abstract

Introduction: One factor that is of great importance to the cultivation of flowers and ornamental plants, is the media. Planting plants in containers as an important component of the nursery technology has grown. Compared with farm volume, growth media used for each plant greatly reduce plant growth that largely influence by the physical and chemical properties of growth media used. Therefore, good management of potted plants bed will cause the plants have good quality. A good growth media with optimal physical and biological properties, relatively inexpensive, stable and style enough to work should be available. The Burgers showed that composted green waste can be used as substrates for soilless cultivation and improve the water-holding capacity of soil. The garden has a range of materials including hardwood and softwood bark, leaves, soil, waste, sewage sludge and coconut (cocopeat) that has been used as a seed bed. According to the economic issues and increasing moisture storage, palm peat substrates are primary material that can be prepared as a good growth medium for the producing's presented level Country. Peat moss is not applicable to all plants because of high cost and poor absorption characteristics like low pH and low water holding capacity . This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of replacing peat moss palm waste and the effect of it on growth characteristics were studied. Materials and Methods: The experimental design was completely randomized design with four replications of eight treatments. The compressed unit (block) was supplied and commercial cocopeat was used because of reducing the cost of transportation. Before applying this material, the amount of water was added for opening up and voluminous and become it completely uniform.. In treatments containing sand + perlite, these four types volume ratio of 1:1 and mixed with sand + perlite were used. First, wooden cuttings of pandanus in a bed of sand rooted in the greenhouse, then the rooted cuttings were transferred to pots with a diameter of 17cm. The pots were filled with the examined material. After planting in pots in a greenhouse with temperature of 20-25°C in winter and 30-35°C in summer were kept on planting plans. The indicators of growth including stem diameter, stem length and lateral shoot number, leaf area and chlorophyll index were measured. Analysis was performed on data using SPSS 16. Comparisons were made using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range tests. Differences were considered to be significant at P < 0.05. Results and Discussion: Vegetative characteristics of pandanus plants were significantly different from each other. Results showed that the mean media of cococheps and 50% peat palm + 25% sand + 25% perlite had the highest leaf area with 413.97 and 378.69cm2 respectively and non-significant difference was showed. Means followed by same letter are not significantly different at P<0.05 probability using Duncan's test. The highest (17.03) and the lowest (9.47) chlorophyll index were obtained from the cococheps medium, and 50% cococheps + 25% sand + 25% perlite medium, respectively. Plant height of the 50% peat palm + 25% sand + 25% perlite media with 40cm and the lowest mean with 17.50cm in the 100% peat moss were obtained and a statistically significant difference was showed. Adding 25% sand + 25% perlite substrates had positive effect on growth indices such as No. of leaves/plant maximum. The highest value of chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and sum pigments in of 50% peat palm + 25% sand + 25% perlite media with average of 11.35, 7.43, 18.78, 3.47 and 17.86g/ml-1 were obtained. Minimum value of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll were in 50% cocopeat + 25% sand + 25% perlite media with average of 6.70, 3.23, 9.93, 2.28 and 12.21 g/ml-1. Chlorophyll has primary basic role from view of absorption and use of light energy in photosynthesis. Conclusions: Applications of medium with perlite-sand substrate in organic cultivation had positive effects on the parameters of the plant height, chlorophyll index, number of leaves/plant and leaf area that had the highest amount and also the highest amount of main sucker and number of sucker/plant belonged to peat palm medium. High photosynthetic pigments were produced by using 50% the peat palm + 25% sand + 25% perlite medium. According to the result of growth indices, palm peat was the best growth culture medium due to a very low cost and having characteristics such as the low pH water absorption and good files for all plants especially pandanus plant. The result of this study agree with other research. Cocopeat caused the best growth of plants due to its physical and chemical properties. Cocopeat had the best water holding capacity because the sponge property and having the smallest particle size. But the state does not cause flooding in the pot because it is the property of the capillary bed and slowly loses its water.