Cone beam computed tomography analysis of maxillary vestibular bone thickness in the esthetic region

Abstract

Background/Aim. Insufficient bone thickness (thickness less than 2 mm) frequently leads to fenestration and dehiscence, leading to additional bone resorption. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is becoming a priority in the diagnosis of bone thickness needed for implant placement. It has proven to be an accurate and largely reliable diagnostic tool in the image of morphology and buccal wall thickness. The aim of this study was to measure the vestibular bone thickness of the anterior maxillary region in Serbian population and compare the difference between men and women, left and right sides of the jaw. Methods. CBCT images of 68 patients were examined from the existing database. The length from the cemento-enamel junction to the beginning of the alveolar bone was measured, followed by the thickness of the vestibular bone at various clinically relevant locations. Results. The data were statistically processed, analyzing a total of 373 teeth of the frontal region of the upper jaw, including 128 central incisors, 124 lateral incisors and 121 canines. The analysis of this study showed that the thickness of the buccal bone in more than 88% cases was less than 1.5 mm at all reference points, with mean values from 0.72 to 1.02 mm. Conclusion. A very small number of maxillary teeth have a vestibular bone thickness > 2 mm; therefore, the criterion to provide at least 2 mm of thickness needed for implant placement is difficult to meet. This increases the use of auxiliary methods of bone augmentation during immediate implant placement.