Magnetic Field Enhancement of Water Evaporation in Confined Spaces

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2023-04-04 DOI:10.1109/LMAG.2023.3262976

Sruthy Poulose;Yara Alvarez-Braña;Lourdes Basabel-Desmonts;Fernando Benito-Lopez;John Michael David Coey

{"title":"Magnetic Field Enhancement of Water Evaporation in Confined Spaces","authors":"Sruthy Poulose;Yara Alvarez-Braña;Lourdes Basabel-Desmonts;Fernando Benito-Lopez;John Michael David Coey","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2023.3262976","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Water is studied in confined environments where it evaporates into its own vapor. Simultaneous experiments are conducted for 0.4–0.5 µL droplets confined at the center of 54 mm long microchannels with a cross section of 0.38 mm\n2\n in the presence and absence of a 300 mT magnetic field. Results are compared with those for water in half-filled 100 mL beakers. The magnetic enhancement of the evaporation rate is much greater in the microchannels, where effects range up to 140% even though the air is saturated with water vapor, as compared to 12 ± 7% in a 500 mT field in the beakers. The average steady state, no-field evaporation rate of 0.13 kg\n<inline-formula><tex-math>$\\cdot$</tex-math></inline-formula>\nm\n−2\n<inline-formula><tex-math>$\\cdot$</tex-math></inline-formula>\nh\n−1\n in the microchannels is roughly double that in the beakers, but less than the value expected at an open surface in still air. The magnetic enhancement is analyzed in terms of the \n<italic>ortho\n and \n<italic>para\n nuclear isomers of water vapor, which behave as independent gasses. The \n<italic>ortho:para\n ratio in fresh vapor is close to 2:3, and quite different from the 3:1 equilibrium ratio in ambient air. Evaporation is increased by the gradient of the applied magnetic field, which dephases the Larmor precession of the two proton spins of hydrogen in a water molecule and tends to equalize the isomeric populations in the vapor, thereby increasing the evaporation rate.","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/5165412/10018138/10092455.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Accounts of Chemical Research","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10092455/","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Water is studied in confined environments where it evaporates into its own vapor. Simultaneous experiments are conducted for 0.4–0.5 µL droplets confined at the center of 54 mm long microchannels with a cross section of 0.38 mm ² in the presence and absence of a 300 mT magnetic field. Results are compared with those for water in half-filled 100 mL beakers. The magnetic enhancement of the evaporation rate is much greater in the microchannels, where effects range up to 140% even though the air is saturated with water vapor, as compared to 12 ± 7% in a 500 mT field in the beakers. The average steady state, no-field evaporation rate of 0.13 kg

$\cdot$

m ⁻²

$\cdot$

h ⁻¹ in the microchannels is roughly double that in the beakers, but less than the value expected at an open surface in still air. The magnetic enhancement is analyzed in terms of the ortho and para nuclear isomers of water vapor, which behave as independent gasses. The ortho:para ratio in fresh vapor is close to 2:3, and quite different from the 3:1 equilibrium ratio in ambient air. Evaporation is increased by the gradient of the applied magnetic field, which dephases the Larmor precession of the two proton spins of hydrogen in a water molecule and tends to equalize the isomeric populations in the vapor, thereby increasing the evaporation rate.

查看原文本刊更多论文

密闭空间中水蒸发的磁场增强

水是在密闭的环境中被研究的，在那里它会蒸发成自己的蒸汽。在存在和不存在300 mT磁场的情况下，对限制在横截面为0.38 mm2的54 mm长微通道中心的0.4–0.5µL液滴进行了同时实验。将结果与半填充的100 mL烧杯中的水的结果进行比较。在微通道中，蒸发率的磁增强要大得多，即使空气中充满了水蒸气，其影响范围也高达140%，而在烧杯中，在500 mT的磁场中，其影响为12±7%。微通道中0.13 kg$\cdot$m−2$\cdot$h−1的平均稳态无场蒸发率大约是烧杯中的两倍，但低于静止空气中开放表面的预期值。磁增强是根据水蒸气的邻核和对位核异构体来分析的，它们表现为独立的气体。新鲜蒸汽中的邻位∶对位比接近2:3，与环境空气中3:1的平衡比大不相同。所施加磁场的梯度增加了蒸发，这使水分子中氢的两个质子自旋的拉莫尔进动去相位，并趋于平衡蒸汽中的异构体布居，从而增加了蒸发率。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.