Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on religious and green tourism

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.15421/2021_174

O. Borysova, S. Stankevych, S. Sysoieva, Yu.V. Synyavina, T. Tkachenko, M. Matsyura, E. V. Shapetko

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This article is dedicated to finding answers to these and other questions that are no less difficult. The authors of the article set themselves essentials to identify and present the critical points that are already relevant for religious tourism and those just beginning to appear and will be important in the post-pandemic era. The study is based on an analysis of recent studies of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religious tourism and travel greening. The conclusions and recommendations are given at the end of the paper. The authors concluded that religious tourism and pilgrimage would recover quickly; however, the post-pandemic tourists will attend to epidemiological safety, so the demand for ecotours and tours with high environmental friendliness will only increase. Religious tourism will also change, involving digital and other technologies. Keywords: pilgrimage, COVID-19 pandemic, religious studies, religious tourism. References Borisova, O.V. (2020). Religious tourism: relevance for post-pandemic Ukraine. Ukrainian Religious Knowledge, 92, 139-165 (in Ukrainian). Borisova, O.V. (2020a). Specialized tourism. Kyiv: Condor Publishing House (in Ukrainian). Borysova, O., Huzik, T. & Fylypovych, L. (2020). Ukraine as a Religious Destination. Occasional papers on religion in Eastern Europe. Nov., XL, 9, 75–97. Borysova, ?.V., Shvedun, V.O. & Sysoieva S.I. (2021). Ecological tourism: pandemic lessons for Ukraine. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 11(1),191–195, DOI: 10.15421/2021_30. Byelyayeva, S.S., Kurakin, O.B. & Bishovec, L.G. (2020). Organizacijno-ekonomichni aspekti yakosti poslug goteliv i zakladiv rozmishennya pid chas pandemiyi na COVID-19. Zbirnik naukovih prac ChDTU. Seriya Ekonomichni nauki, 57, 54–63. (in Ukrainian). Concept Note: Covid-19 and Restructuring the Tourism Sector (2020). United Nations. Available from: https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/policy_brief_covid-19_and_transforming_tourism_russian.pdf Dein, S., Loewenthal, K., Lewis, C.A. & Pargament, K.I. (2020). COVID-19, Mental Health and Religion: An Agenda for Future Research, Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 23 (1), 1–9. Furdak, M.M. (2020). Shlyahi rozvitku turistichnoyi galuzi Ukrayini v umovah viklikiv 2020. Priazovskij ekonomichnij visnik, 3 (20), 134–142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32840/2522-4263/2020-3-24 (in Ukrainian). Gossling, S., Scott, D. & Hall, C.M. (2021). Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1),1–20. DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708. Lipchuk, N.V. & Lipchuk, V.V. Trendi v turizmi: korekciya pandemiyi. Svitove gospodarstvo i mizhnarodni ekonomichni vidnosini. Naukovij poglyad: ekonomika ta upravlinnya, 2(68), 33–37. DOI: https://www.unwto.org/covid-19-oneplanet-responsible-recovery (in Ukrainian). Mihajlichenko, G. & Klimova, A. (2020). Svitovij turistichnij rinok: transformaciyi pislya pandemiyi. Zovnishnya torgivlya, ekonomika, finansi, pravo, 2, 21–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2020(109)02 (in Ukrainian). Milano, C., Cheer, J.M. & Novelli, M. (2019). Introduction. In: C. Milano, J.M. Cheer and M. Novelli (eds) Overtourism: Excesses, Discontents and Measures in Travel and Tourism. Wallingford, UK: CABI, 1–17. Olsen, D. H. & Timothy, D. J. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic and Religious Travel: Present and Future Trends. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 8, 170–188. Olsen, D. H. (2020?). Disease and Health Risks at Mass Religious Gatherings. In K.A. Shinde and D.H. Olsen (eds). Religious Tourism and the Environment. Wallingford, UK: CABI, 116–132. Onlajn suspilstvo vzhe davno sformovane. (2020). Gromadskij prostir. Available from: https://www.prostir.ua/?news=vulychnyj-aktyvizm-hocha-i-vazhlyva-ale-ne-jedyna-forma-protestiv-i-borotby-za-spravedlyvist-sotsiolohynya-tamara-martsenyuk (in Ukrainian). Pavlovi?, D. (2020). COVID-19 and Social Distancing Implications for Religious Activities and Travel: The case of the Serbian Orthodox Church. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 8, 112–120. Pololikashvili, Z. & Guria, A. (2020). Provide support and coordination assistance for safe and sustainable tourism recovery. UNWTO. Available from: https://www.unwto.org/ru/news/stepping-up-support-and-coordination-for-a-safe-and-sustainable-recovery-of-tourism (in Russian) Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Sah, R. & Paniz-Mondolfi, A. (2020). Should the Holy Week 2020 be Cancelled in Latin America Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 36, 101663. DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101633. Rutynskyi, M. & Kushniruk, H. (2020). The impact of quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry in Lviv (Ukraine). Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(2), 194–205. Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(2).2020.17 Sherwood, H. (2020). Religious Festivals Cancelled or Scaled Back Due to Coronavirus. The Guardian, 1 June. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/14/religious-festivals-cancelled-or-scaled-back-due-to-coronavirus UNWTO (2020). 'Sustainability as the New Normal': A Vision for the Future of Tourism. Available from: https://www.unwto.org/covid-19-oneplanet-responsible-recovery UNWTO calls for economic support through the travel and tourism sector (2020). Daily electronic newspaper of the Russian Union of Travel Industry. 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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused quite painful damage to the entire world tourism industry, including religious tourism. Under its influence, the country banned religious travel, including pilgrimage, because many infections occurred. Holy places and pilgrimage routes have been closed around the world. What will be next? Is there a radical transformation of the religious life of humankind, including religious tourism? What measures are being taken by international tourism organizations to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on religious tourism, and how do they see its future? What should be the journey of the future to prevent such global transmission of viruses as happened during this pandemic? This article is dedicated to finding answers to these and other questions that are no less difficult. The authors of the article set themselves essentials to identify and present the critical points that are already relevant for religious tourism and those just beginning to appear and will be important in the post-pandemic era. The study is based on an analysis of recent studies of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religious tourism and travel greening. The conclusions and recommendations are given at the end of the paper. The authors concluded that religious tourism and pilgrimage would recover quickly; however, the post-pandemic tourists will attend to epidemiological safety, so the demand for ecotours and tours with high environmental friendliness will only increase. Religious tourism will also change, involving digital and other technologies. Keywords: pilgrimage, COVID-19 pandemic, religious studies, religious tourism. References Borisova, O.V. (2020). Religious tourism: relevance for post-pandemic Ukraine. Ukrainian Religious Knowledge, 92, 139-165 (in Ukrainian). Borisova, O.V. (2020a). Specialized tourism. Kyiv: Condor Publishing House (in Ukrainian). Borysova, O., Huzik, T. & Fylypovych, L. (2020). Ukraine as a Religious Destination. Occasional papers on religion in Eastern Europe. Nov., XL, 9, 75–97. Borysova, ?.V., Shvedun, V.O. & Sysoieva S.I. (2021). Ecological tourism: pandemic lessons for Ukraine. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 11(1),191–195, DOI: 10.15421/2021_30. Byelyayeva, S.S., Kurakin, O.B. & Bishovec, L.G. (2020). Organizacijno-ekonomichni aspekti yakosti poslug goteliv i zakladiv rozmishennya pid chas pandemiyi na COVID-19. Zbirnik naukovih prac ChDTU. Seriya Ekonomichni nauki, 57, 54–63. (in Ukrainian). Concept Note: Covid-19 and Restructuring the Tourism Sector (2020). United Nations. Available from: https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/policy_brief_covid-19_and_transforming_tourism_russian.pdf Dein, S., Loewenthal, K., Lewis, C.A. & Pargament, K.I. (2020). COVID-19, Mental Health and Religion: An Agenda for Future Research, Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 23 (1), 1–9. Furdak, M.M. (2020). Shlyahi rozvitku turistichnoyi galuzi Ukrayini v umovah viklikiv 2020. Priazovskij ekonomichnij visnik, 3 (20), 134–142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32840/2522-4263/2020-3-24 (in Ukrainian). Gossling, S., Scott, D. & Hall, C.M. (2021). Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1),1–20. DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708. Lipchuk, N.V. & Lipchuk, V.V. Trendi v turizmi: korekciya pandemiyi. Svitove gospodarstvo i mizhnarodni ekonomichni vidnosini. Naukovij poglyad: ekonomika ta upravlinnya, 2(68), 33–37. DOI: https://www.unwto.org/covid-19-oneplanet-responsible-recovery (in Ukrainian). Mihajlichenko, G. & Klimova, A. (2020). Svitovij turistichnij rinok: transformaciyi pislya pandemiyi. Zovnishnya torgivlya, ekonomika, finansi, pravo, 2, 21–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2020(109)02 (in Ukrainian). Milano, C., Cheer, J.M. & Novelli, M. (2019). Introduction. In: C. Milano, J.M. Cheer and M. Novelli (eds) Overtourism: Excesses, Discontents and Measures in Travel and Tourism. Wallingford, UK: CABI, 1–17. Olsen, D. H. & Timothy, D. J. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic and Religious Travel: Present and Future Trends. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 8, 170–188. Olsen, D. H. (2020?). Disease and Health Risks at Mass Religious Gatherings. In K.A. Shinde and D.H. Olsen (eds). Religious Tourism and the Environment. Wallingford, UK: CABI, 116–132. Onlajn suspilstvo vzhe davno sformovane. (2020). Gromadskij prostir. Available from: https://www.prostir.ua/?news=vulychnyj-aktyvizm-hocha-i-vazhlyva-ale-ne-jedyna-forma-protestiv-i-borotby-za-spravedlyvist-sotsiolohynya-tamara-martsenyuk (in Ukrainian). Pavlovi?, D. (2020). COVID-19 and Social Distancing Implications for Religious Activities and Travel: The case of the Serbian Orthodox Church. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 8, 112–120. Pololikashvili, Z. & Guria, A. (2020). Provide support and coordination assistance for safe and sustainable tourism recovery. UNWTO. Available from: https://www.unwto.org/ru/news/stepping-up-support-and-coordination-for-a-safe-and-sustainable-recovery-of-tourism (in Russian) Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Sah, R. & Paniz-Mondolfi, A. (2020). Should the Holy Week 2020 be Cancelled in Latin America Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 36, 101663. DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101633. Rutynskyi, M. & Kushniruk, H. (2020). The impact of quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry in Lviv (Ukraine). Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(2), 194–205. Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(2).2020.17 Sherwood, H. (2020). Religious Festivals Cancelled or Scaled Back Due to Coronavirus. The Guardian, 1 June. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/14/religious-festivals-cancelled-or-scaled-back-due-to-coronavirus UNWTO (2020). 'Sustainability as the New Normal': A Vision for the Future of Tourism. Available from: https://www.unwto.org/covid-19-oneplanet-responsible-recovery UNWTO calls for economic support through the travel and tourism sector (2020). Daily electronic newspaper of the Russian Union of Travel Industry. Available from: https://ratanews.ru/news/news_6042020_6.stm

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新冠肺炎疫情对宗教旅游和绿色旅游的影响

新冠肺炎疫情给包括宗教旅游在内的整个世界旅游业造成了相当痛苦的损失。在它的影响下，该国禁止宗教旅行，包括朝圣，因为发生了许多感染。世界各地的圣地和朝圣路线都已关闭。接下来会发生什么?人类的宗教生活，包括宗教旅游，是否有根本的转变?国际旅游组织正在采取哪些措施减轻疫情对宗教旅游的影响?他们如何看待宗教旅游的未来?未来的旅程应该是什么，以防止在这次大流行期间发生的这种病毒的全球传播?本文致力于寻找这些和其他同样困难的问题的答案。这篇文章的作者为自己设定了要点，以确定和提出已经与宗教旅游相关的关键点，以及那些刚刚开始出现的关键点，这些关键点在大流行后时代将是重要的。这项研究是基于对最近关于COVID-19大流行对宗教旅游和旅游绿化影响的研究的分析。文章最后给出了结论和建议。作者认为，宗教旅游和朝圣将迅速恢复;但是，疫情后的游客会关注流行病学安全，因此对生态旅游和高环保旅游的需求只会增加。涉及数字和其他技术的宗教旅游也将发生变化。关键词:朝圣，新冠疫情，宗教研究，宗教旅游鲍里索娃，O.V.(2020)。宗教旅游:大流行病后乌克兰的相关性。乌克兰宗教知识，92,139-165(乌克兰文)。鲍里索娃，O.V. (2020a)。专门的旅游。基辅:秃鹰出版社(乌克兰文)。鲍里索娃，O.，胡兹克，T.和Fylypovych, L.(2020)。乌克兰作为宗教目的地。偶尔发表一些关于东欧宗教的论文。11月，XL, 9,75 - 97。Borysova .V ?。， Shvedun, V.O. & Sysoieva S.I.(2021)。生态旅游:给乌克兰的流行病教训。乌克兰生态学杂志，11(1)，191-195,DOI: 10.15421/2021_30。别列耶娃，s.s.，库拉金，O.B.和比肖维茨，L.G.(2020)。组织经济专家表示，在2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行期间，俄罗斯可能会出现这种情况。Zbirnik naukovih prac ChDTU。经济科学，57,54-63。(乌克兰)。概念说明:2019冠状病毒病与旅游业重组(2020年)。联合国。可从:https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/policy_brief_covid-19_and_transforming_tourism_russian.pdf Dein, S.， Loewenthal, K.， Lewis, C.A. & parparment, K.I.(2020)。新冠肺炎，心理健康与宗教研究进展[j] .心理健康与宗教文化，23(1)，1 - 9。Furdak, M.M.(2020)。Shlyahi rozvitku turistichnoyi galuzi乌克兰vs umovah viklikiv 2020。经济经济，3(20)，134-142。DOI: https://doi.org/10.32840/2522-4263/2020-3-24(乌克兰语)。高斯林，S，斯科特，D.和霍尔，C.M.(2021)。大流行、旅游和全球变化:对COVID-19的快速评估。可持续旅游学报，29(1)，1 - 20。DOI: 10.1080 / 09669582.2020.1758708。利普楚克，N.V. &利普楚克，V.V. Trendi v turizmi: korekciya流行病。在中国，中国的经济增长速度是惊人的。[j] .中国农业科学，2016，(6):333 - 337。DOI: https://www.unwto.org/covid-19-oneplanet-responsible-recovery(乌克兰语)。Mihajlichenko, G. & Klimova, A.(2020)。旅游学:大流行变形性猪流感。托尔吉维利亚，经济与金融，第2卷，21-37页。DOI: https://doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2020(109)02(乌克兰语)。Milano, C.， Cheer, J.M.和Novelli, M.(2019)。介绍。见:C. Milano, J.M. Cheer和M. Novelli主编，过度旅游:旅游和旅游业的过度、不满和措施。英国沃林福德:CABI, 1-17。奥尔森，d.h.和蒂莫西，d.j.(2020)。2019冠状病毒病大流行与宗教旅行:现在和未来趋势。国际宗教旅游与朝圣杂志，8,170-188。奥尔森博士(2020?)大型宗教集会中的疾病和健康风险。见K.A.辛德和D.H.奥尔森编。宗教旅游与环境。英国沃林福德:CABI, 116-132。Onlajn怀疑这是一种不寻常的行为。(2020)。Gromadskij prostir。可从:https://www.prostir.ua/?news=vulychnyj-aktyvizm-hocha-i-vazhlyva-ale-ne-jedyna-forma-protestiv-i-borotby-za-spravedlyvist-sotsiolohynya-tamara-martsenyuk(乌克兰语)获得。Pavlovi吗?， d .(2020)。COVID-19和社会距离对宗教活动和旅行的影响:以塞尔维亚东正教为例。国际宗教旅游与朝圣杂志，8,112-120。Pololikashvili, Z. & Guria, A.(2020)。为安全和可持续的旅游业恢复提供支持和协调协助。UNWTO。可从:https://www.unwto。新冠肺炎疫情给包括宗教旅游在内的整个世界旅游业造成了相当痛苦的损失。在它的影响下，该国禁止宗教旅行，包括朝圣，因为发生了许多感染。世界各地的圣地和朝圣路线都已关闭。接下来会发生什么?人类的宗教生活，包括宗教旅游，是否有根本的转变?国际旅游组织正在采取哪些措施减轻疫情对宗教旅游的影响?他们如何看待宗教旅游的未来?未来的旅程应该是什么，以防止在这次大流行期间发生的这种病毒的全球传播?本文致力于寻找这些和其他同样困难的问题的答案。这篇文章的作者为自己设定了要点，以确定和提出已经与宗教旅游相关的关键点，以及那些刚刚开始出现的关键点，这些关键点在大流行后时代将是重要的。这项研究是基于对最近关于COVID-19大流行对宗教旅游和旅游绿化影响的研究的分析。文章最后给出了结论和建议。作者认为，宗教旅游和朝圣将迅速恢复;但是，疫情后的游客会关注流行病学安全，因此对生态旅游和高环保旅游的需求只会增加。涉及数字和其他技术的宗教旅游也将发生变化。关键词:朝圣，新冠疫情，宗教研究，宗教旅游鲍里索娃，O.V.(2020)。宗教旅游:大流行病后乌克兰的相关性。乌克兰宗教知识，92,139-165(乌克兰文)。鲍里索娃，O.V. (2020a)。专门的旅游。基辅:秃鹰出版社(乌克兰文)。鲍里索娃，O.，胡兹克，T.和Fylypovych, L.(2020)。乌克兰作为宗教目的地。偶尔发表一些关于东欧宗教的论文。11月，XL, 9,75 - 97。Borysova .V ?。， Shvedun, V.O. & Sysoieva S.I.(2021)。生态旅游:给乌克兰的流行病教训。乌克兰生态学杂志，11(1)，191-195,DOI: 10.15421/2021_30。别列耶娃，s.s.，库拉金，O.B.和比肖维茨，L.G.(2020)。组织经济专家表示，在2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行期间，俄罗斯可能会出现这种情况。Zbirnik naukovih prac ChDTU。经济科学，57,54-63。(乌克兰)。概念说明:2019冠状病毒病与旅游业重组(2020年)。联合国。可从:https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/policy_brief_covid-19_and_transforming_tourism_russian.pdf Dein, S.， Loewenthal, K.， Lewis, C.A. & parparment, K.I.(2020)。新冠肺炎，心理健康与宗教研究进展[j] .心理健康与宗教文化，23(1)，1 - 9。Furdak, M.M.(2020)。Shlyahi rozvitku turistichnoyi galuzi乌克兰vs umovah viklikiv 2020。经济经济，3(20)，134-142。DOI: https://doi.org/10.32840/2522-4263/2020-3-24(乌克兰语)。高斯林，S，斯科特，D.和霍尔，C.M.(2021)。大流行、旅游和全球变化:对COVID-19的快速评估。可持续旅游学报，29(1)，1 - 20。DOI: 10.1080 / 09669582.2020.1758708。利普楚克，N.V. &利普楚克，V.V. Trendi v turizmi: korekciya流行病。在中国，中国的经济增长速度是惊人的。[j] .中国农业科学，2016，(6):333 - 337。DOI: https://www.unwto.org/covid-19-oneplanet-responsible-recovery(乌克兰语)。Mihajlichenko, G. & Klimova, A.(2020)。旅游学:大流行变形性猪流感。托尔吉维利亚，经济与金融，第2卷，21-37页。DOI: https://doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2020(109)02(乌克兰语)。Milano, C.， Cheer, J.M.和Novelli, M.(2019)。介绍。见:C. Milano, J.M. Cheer和M. Novelli主编，过度旅游:旅游和旅游业的过度、不满和措施。英国沃林福德:CABI, 1-17。奥尔森，d.h.和蒂莫西，d.j.(2020)。2019冠状病毒病大流行与宗教旅行:现在和未来趋势。国际宗教旅游与朝圣杂志，8,170-188。奥尔森博士(2020?)大型宗教集会中的疾病和健康风险。见K.A.辛德和D.H.奥尔森编。宗教旅游与环境。英国沃林福德:CABI, 116-132。Onlajn怀疑这是一种不寻常的行为。(2020)。Gromadskij prostir。可从:https://www.prostir.ua/?news=vulychnyj-aktyvizm-hocha-i-vazhlyva-ale-ne-jedyna-forma-protestiv-i-borotby-za-spravedlyvist-sotsiolohynya-tamara-martsenyuk(乌克兰语)获得。Pavlovi吗?， d .(2020)。COVID-19和社会距离对宗教活动和旅行的影响:以塞尔维亚东正教为例。国际宗教旅游与朝圣杂志，8,112-120。Pololikashvili, Z. & Guria, A.(2020)。为安全和可持续的旅游业恢复提供支持和协调协助。UNWTO。可从:https://www.unwto。 Rodriguez-Morales, A. J, Sah, R. & Paniz-Mondolfi, A.(2020)。旅游医学与传染病学报，36,101663。DOI: 10.1016 / j.tmaid.2020.101633。Rutynskyi, M. & Kushniruk, H.(2020)。COVID-19大流行对利沃夫(乌克兰)旅游业的隔离影响。管理问题与展望，18(2)，194-205。Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(2).2020.17 Sherwood, H.(2020)。由于冠状病毒，宗教节日被取消或缩减。卫报，6月1日。可从:https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/14/religious-festivals-cancelled-or-scaled-back-due-to-coronavirus UNWTO(2020)获取。“可持续发展是新常态”:旅游业的未来愿景。世界旅游组织呼吁通过旅游部门提供经济支持(2020年)。俄罗斯旅游产业联盟的每日电子报纸。可从:https://ratanews.ru/news/news_6042020_6.stm获得 Rodriguez-Morales, A. J, Sah, R. & Paniz-Mondolfi, A.(2020)。旅游医学与传染病学报，36,101663。DOI: 10.1016 / j.tmaid.2020.101633。Rutynskyi, M. & Kushniruk, H.(2020)。COVID-19大流行对利沃夫(乌克兰)旅游业的隔离影响。管理问题与展望，18(2)，194-205。Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(2).2020.17 Sherwood, H.(2020)。由于冠状病毒，宗教节日被取消或缩减。卫报，6月1日。可从:https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/14/religious-festivals-cancelled-or-scaled-back-due-to-coronavirus UNWTO(2020)获取。“可持续发展是新常态”:旅游业的未来愿景。世界旅游组织呼吁通过旅游部门提供经济支持(2020年)。俄罗斯旅游产业联盟的每日电子报纸。可从:https://ratanews.ru/news/news_6042020_6.stm获得

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Ukrainian Journal of Ecology BIOLOGY-

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