Femme-chamane entre ‘tsaddik’ et ‘quimboiseuse’ : l’interface anthropoétique dans l’œuvre schwarz-bartienne (cycle antillais / ashkénaze) / Between ‘tsaddik’ and ‘quimboiseuse’: The Anthropoetic Interface in the Schwarz-Bart Novels / Mulher-xamã entre tsaddik e quimboiseuse: a interface antro-poétic

Abstract

Resume  : Dans les romans d’Andre (1928-2006) et de Simone Schwarz-Bart (1938), on ne peut passer a cote de la forte impregnation d’elements anthropologiques : les rites de la naissance et de la mort, le « bapteme » par des noms et surnoms, les elections de figures de guerisseur et de guide spirituel, etc. De surcroit, il frappe qu’une reversibilite se manifeste entre le milieu diasporique noir (antillais) et juif (ashkenaze). L’interface anthropoetique est ici illustree comme preuve manifeste d’universaux, au-dela des distances socio-culturelles et etho-religieuses. Comme je l’ai montre dans Marrane et Marronne  : la coecriture reversible d’Andre et Simone Schwarz-Bart (GYSSELS, 2014), l’identite marrane ou crypto-juive (au sens de non pratiquant, non religieux, convertie), la reversibilite joue pleinement dans la sphere magico-religieuse de l’une et l’autre communaute diasporique. Mots-cles : anthropoetique; diaspora; Schwarz-Bart; vaudou; hassidisme; reversibilite.; identite marrane, coecriture. Abstract: In the novels of both Andre (1928-2006) and Simone Schwarz-Bart (1938), the anthropological elements are tantamount: from rites of passage (from birth to death), from the rites of naming to the election of spiritual guide and healer, etc. Moreover, between the Black (Antillean) and Jewish (Ashkenaze) diasporic world, a reversibility is at play. The anthropoetic interface clearly manifests the presence of universal motifs, beyond the socio-cultural and ethno-religious divergences. As I have maintained in Marrane et Marronne: la coecriture reversible d’Andre et Simone Schwarz-Bart (GYSSELS, 2014), the crypto-Jewish identity (« marrane », in the sense of being a non-religious Jew, a converted Jew) is linked to the practice of marooning in Afro-Caribbean culture in the sense that the latter is equally marked by acculturation and resistance towards European oppression. Reversibility is consequently plainly illustrated through the magico-religious sphere in both diasporic communities. Keywords: anthropoetics; diaspora; Schwarz-Bart; hassidism; reversibility; marrane identity; cowriting. Resumo: Nos romances de Andre (1928-2006) e Simone Schwarz-Bart (1938), e impossivel nao notar a forte impregnacao de elementos antropologicos: os ritos de nascimento e de morte, o “batismo” para nomes e sobrenomes, as eleicoes para curandeiros e guias espirituais, etc. Alem disso, nota-se um manifesto reversivel entre o meio diasporico negro (antilhano) e judeu (asquenazista). A interface antro-poetica e aqui ilustrada como prova evidente de universais ultrapassando, assim, distanciamentos socioculturais e etno-religiosos. Como ja mostrei em Marrane et Marronne: la coecriture reversible d’Andre et Simone Schwarz-Bart (GYSSELS, 2014) , na identidade marrane ou criptojudia (no sentido de nao praticante, nao religiosa, convertida), a reversibilidade atua plenamente na esfera magico-religiosa e em ambas as comunidades diasporicas. Palavras-chave: antro-poetica; diaspora; Schwarz-Bart; hassidismo; reversibilidade, identidade marrane ; co-escritura.