The Way of Truth and Principles of Logic in Parmenides

Abstract

In the process following the separation of the ancient period from mythology and its evolution into a systematic philosophy the great master of the Elea school, Parmenides, constructed his thoughts with theses that were the exact opposite of his time and perhaps common sense in general. His famous poem On Nature, in the light of the logical principles, inferences and analyzes it contains, has profoundly affected both epistemology in terms of structure and possibility, and ontologies within the framework of time, space and movement. Almost all of the pre-Socratic philosophers produced ideas in the context of his theses. In the mentioned period, the logical internal consistency of Parmenides and his followers and the rational level in their arguments shaped the ancient period. The role he played especially in natural philosophy and metaphysics is undeniable. However, the ambiguities in the context of the theses and their interpretations about his poem, the only work that has been quoted, have not been resolved until today. The dimensions of this mystery are not only related to classical thought. Ontologies related to physics approaches, theoretical and institutional beliefs about them, various cosmogony and language understandings can be related to Parmenides in some way. It is also possible to find early forms of some of the contents that forms the basis of the philosophy of logic and has metaphysical roots constructed by Aristotle in the ancient period and for which he gained a well-deserved reputation, in Parmenides. In addition to the deductive approach, especially the law of contradiction, the principle of identity, the law of excluded third and the principles of sufficient reason are the most important concepts among those mentioned. These principles, which were not directly formulated, were used in the context of Parmenides' arguments about knowledge, existence and related concepts. In our study, by touching on the important points of the poem written by Parmenides, we will try to examine the conceptual use and logical structures of the principles we have expressed and to follow the traces of the process in question and to examine its effects. The main reason for this effort is that the content presented by Parmenides continues to be discussed today, continues to be influential in many areas mentioned above, and is an important cornerstone in the development of philosophy.