Bielefeld May In Fact Not Exist – Empirical Evidence From Official Population Data

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI:10.1515/jbnst-2022-0038

Patrick Winter

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Abstract The “Bielefeld conspiracy” has long disputed the existence of Bielefeld, a (supposed) German city. In this paper, an approach is developed to test such a theory empirically by auditing officially reported population numbers, arguing that real cities would not fake these. It is shown that Bielefeld’s data, in fact, violate the Benford law, a statistical law that they should follow if they were genuine. This anomaly is found only for Bielefeld, in contrast to all other tested similar and dissimilar cities, across two decades, and with highest significance by five statistical tests. The Bielefeld conspiracy remains as the most or even only plausible explanation for these findings.

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比勒菲尔德实际上可能不存在——来自官方人口数据的经验证据

“比勒费尔德阴谋”(Bielefeld conspiracy)长期以来一直在争论比勒费尔德这个(假定的)德国城市的存在。在本文中，开发了一种方法，通过审计官方报告的人口数据来实证检验这一理论，认为真实的城市不会伪造这些数据。研究表明，Bielefeld的数据实际上违反了本福德定律，如果数据是真实的，就应该遵循本福德定律。这一异常现象只在比勒菲尔德被发现，与所有其他经过20年测试的类似和不同城市形成鲜明对比，并且在五项统计测试中具有最高的显著性。比勒费尔德阴谋论仍然是对这些发现最合理甚至唯一合理的解释。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.