{"title":"The politics of grotesque violence and humor in Gerald Vizenor’s Bearheart: the heirship chronicle.","authors":"M. Hanif, Zahra Sheiki","doi":"10.12795/ren.2019.i23.08","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Gerald Vizenor seeks to challenge static definitions of Native American identity in his early novel Bearheart. To this end, he fills the novel with grotesquely violent and humorous scenes which give the work a seemingly perverse appearance. The normalized violence and the grotesque humor throughout the novel, however, disrupt socially normalized concepts and thwart the reader’s notion of normality which is a reminiscent of “realism” as a traditional mode of narrativization. Violence theories of scholars like Schinkel, Arendt, and Benjamin together with humor theories of Morreall, Cohen, and Carroll are drawn upon in order to clarify the interconnected mechanism of humor, grotesquery, and violence in producing tribulations in the narrative line of Bearheart. This aesthetic strategy, which is aligned with a dexterous manipulation of focalization, is used throughout the novel to break the unquestioned authority of masternarratives and also to help the already marginalized Native Americans’ voices produce their own narratives of identity. RESUMEN: Gerald Vizenor busca desafiar las definiciones asentadas sobre la identidad de los Nativos Americanos en una de sus primeras novelas, Bearheart. Con este fin, su novela esta llena de escenas grotescamente violentas y humoristicas que le dan a la obra una apariencia perversa. Tanto esta violencia normalizada como este humor grotesco a lo largo de la novela, sin embargo, alteran los conceptos normalizados e impiden la nocion de normalidad del lector, reminiscencia del realismo como modo tradicional de narracion. Se recurre a los estudios sobre la violencia como los de Schinkel, Arendt, y Benjamin y a los teoricos del humor Morreall, Cohen y Carroll para clarificar el mecanismo de las interconexiones del humor, de lo grotesco y de la violencia que producen tribulaciones en la linea de la narrativa de Bearheart. La estrategia estetica, junto con una habil manipulacion de la focalizacion, se usa a lo largo de la novela para romper la autoridad incuestionable de las metanarrativas y asi ayudar a los Nativos Americanos, cuyas voces han sido marginalizadas, a que produzcan sus propias narrativas con respecto a su identidad.","PeriodicalId":38126,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Norteamericanos","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Revista de Estudios Norteamericanos","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.12795/ren.2019.i23.08","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Arts and Humanities","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Gerald Vizenor seeks to challenge static definitions of Native American identity in his early novel Bearheart. To this end, he fills the novel with grotesquely violent and humorous scenes which give the work a seemingly perverse appearance. The normalized violence and the grotesque humor throughout the novel, however, disrupt socially normalized concepts and thwart the reader’s notion of normality which is a reminiscent of “realism” as a traditional mode of narrativization. Violence theories of scholars like Schinkel, Arendt, and Benjamin together with humor theories of Morreall, Cohen, and Carroll are drawn upon in order to clarify the interconnected mechanism of humor, grotesquery, and violence in producing tribulations in the narrative line of Bearheart. This aesthetic strategy, which is aligned with a dexterous manipulation of focalization, is used throughout the novel to break the unquestioned authority of masternarratives and also to help the already marginalized Native Americans’ voices produce their own narratives of identity. RESUMEN: Gerald Vizenor busca desafiar las definiciones asentadas sobre la identidad de los Nativos Americanos en una de sus primeras novelas, Bearheart. Con este fin, su novela esta llena de escenas grotescamente violentas y humoristicas que le dan a la obra una apariencia perversa. Tanto esta violencia normalizada como este humor grotesco a lo largo de la novela, sin embargo, alteran los conceptos normalizados e impiden la nocion de normalidad del lector, reminiscencia del realismo como modo tradicional de narracion. Se recurre a los estudios sobre la violencia como los de Schinkel, Arendt, y Benjamin y a los teoricos del humor Morreall, Cohen y Carroll para clarificar el mecanismo de las interconexiones del humor, de lo grotesco y de la violencia que producen tribulaciones en la linea de la narrativa de Bearheart. La estrategia estetica, junto con una habil manipulacion de la focalizacion, se usa a lo largo de la novela para romper la autoridad incuestionable de las metanarrativas y asi ayudar a los Nativos Americanos, cuyas voces han sido marginalizadas, a que produzcan sus propias narrativas con respecto a su identidad.