Who Punishes? The Status of the Punishers Affects the Perceived Success of, and Indirect Benefits From, “Moralistic” Punishment

IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
D. Gordon, S. Lea
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引用次数: 20

Abstract

“Moralistic” punishment of free riders can provide a beneficial reputation, but the immediate behavior is costly to the punisher. In Study 1, we investigated whether variation in status would be perceived to offset or mitigate the costs of punishment. One hundred and nineteen participants were presented with a vignette describing a punishment scenario. Participants predicted whether punishment would occur, how successful it would be, and indicated their attitude to the punisher. Participants believed only intervention by a high-status (HS) individual would be successful and that low-status (LS) individuals would not intervene at all. HS individuals predicted to punish successfully were seen as more formidable and likable. Study 2 investigated whether punishment was necessary to maintain an HS position. One hundred and seventeen participants were presented with a vignette describing a punishment scenario. Participants were asked to indicate whether they wished to be led by the punisher. HS individuals who did not punish were less likely to be chosen as leaders compared to HS punishers, whereas LS individuals who punished were no more or less likely to be chosen than nonpunishers. The results of both studies suggest that only HS individuals are expected to punish, likely because such a position offsets some of the costs of punishment. As a result, only HS individual can access the reputation benefits from punishment. Furthermore, an HS position may be dependent on the willingness to punish antisocial behavior. The ramifications that these results may have for the evolution of moralistic punishment are discussed.
惩罚谁?惩罚者的地位影响“道德”惩罚的感知成功和间接收益
对搭便车者的“道德”惩罚可以带来有益的声誉,但直接的行为对惩罚者来说是昂贵的。在研究1中,我们调查了地位的变化是否会被认为抵消或减轻惩罚的成本。研究人员向119名参与者展示了一幅描述惩罚情景的小插图。参与者预测惩罚是否会发生,会有多成功,并表明他们对惩罚者的态度。被试认为只有高地位个体的干预才会成功,而低地位个体根本不会干预。预测惩罚成功的HS个体被认为更令人敬畏和可爱。研究2调查了维持HS地位是否需要惩罚。117名参与者看到了一幅描述惩罚情景的小插图。参与者被要求表明他们是否愿意被惩罚者领导。不惩罚的HS个体比惩罚HS个体更不可能被选为领导者,而惩罚的LS个体比不惩罚的个体更不可能被选为领导者。两项研究的结果都表明,只有高智商的人会受到惩罚,可能是因为这样的地位抵消了惩罚的一些成本。因此,只有HS个人可以获得惩罚带来的声誉利益。此外,高社会地位可能取决于惩罚反社会行为的意愿。这些结果可能对道德惩罚的演变产生的后果进行了讨论。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Evolutionary Psychology
Evolutionary Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
2.20
自引率
6.70%
发文量
22
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Evolutionary Psychology is an open-access peer-reviewed journal that aims to foster communication between experimental and theoretical work on the one hand and historical, conceptual and interdisciplinary writings across the whole range of the biological and human sciences on the other.
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