RGD Peptide-Functionalized Polyether Ether Ketone Surface Improves Biocompatibility and Cell Response

Abstract

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a biocompatible polymer used in maxillofacial and orthopedic applications because of its mechanical properties and chemical stability. However, this biomaterial is inert and requires surface modification to make it bioactive, enhancing implant-tissue integration and giving the material the ability to interact with the surrounding microenvironment. In this paper, surface of PEEK was activated by oxygen plasma treatment and this resulted in increasing reactivity and surface hydrophilicity. Then, a polydopamine (PDA) coating was deposited over the surface followed by biofunctionalization with an RGD peptide. The plasma effect was studied by contact angle measurements and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of PDA coating and RGD peptide. Crystallinity and phase identification were carried out through X-ray diffraction. Quantification of the immobilized peptide over the PEEK surface was reached through UV–vis spectroscopy. In addition, in vitro tests with fibroblast cell line (NIH/3T3) determined the viability, attachment, spreading, and proliferation of these cells over the modified PEEK surfaces. According to the results, PEEK surfaces functionalized with peptides demonstrated an increased cellular response with each successive surface modification.