Special Section on Nanoscale Materials, Devices, and Systems for Biosensing, Biomanipulation, and Biofabrication

Jianping Fu, D. Fan
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Nanotechnology has seen rapid progress in recent years, with advanced capabilities to generate and manipulate precisely engineered nanoscale organic and inorganic materials and their assemblies pointing toward the emergence of disruptive functionalities for diverse biological and biomedical applications. Furthermore, nanofabricated devices and systems such as nanofluidics, nanoelectromechanical systems, and nanophotonic structures with critical dimensions comparable to the molecular scale open up new possibilities for direct observation, manipulation, and analysis of biomolecules, thus providing a novel basis for ultrasensitive and high-resolution sensors and diagnostic systems. Nanoscale surface patterning tools for precisely controlling biomoleculeand cell-surface interactions and nanotools such as atomic force microscopy and optical and magnetic tweezers are also extremely powerful for controlling cell fate and function and studying molecular and cellular biomechanics. The following small but diverse selection of articles from different nanotechnology research areas describes current important topics of nanobiotechnology that we believe to be interesting, informative, and educational for the reader. An ongoing important research direction using nanotechnology is the sorting, enrichment, and informative analysis of rare cells from bodily fluids including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), antigen-specific T-cells, and hematopoietic stem cells. Highsensitivity sorting, detection, and analysis of such extremely rare cells can provide critical information for disease diagnosis and prognosis and advancing fundamental cellular understanding of physiological and pathological conditions. Qian et al. provide a concise review of the recent advance of using functional nanotopographic biomaterials for isolation of CTCs from blood specimens and their related nanofabrication methods. Qian et al. further discuss putative cellular mechanisms involving cell adhesion underlying the intrinsic nanotopography sensitive responses of CTCs. Another review contributed by Lee et al. provides a concise review of recent advances in micro/nanotechnology to improve the method of micropipette aspiration for applications in molecular and cellular biomechanics. Another emerging research area of nanotechnology is to develop synthetic nanostructured materials and surfaces for engineering control of cell-surface interactions and cell fate. In this issue, Han et al. report a method of generating single-crystalline nanoporous gallium nitride (GaN) thin films with tunable pore sizes ranging from 20 to 100 nm. Surface nanotopographies with critical size dimensions comparable to cell adhesion structures can influence cell adhesion and more importantly downstream intracellular adhesion-mediated signaling that is important for cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. 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In the perspective of the application of nanotechnology for biosensing, relevant to cell signaling and biomarker detection, surface enhance Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has attracted intensive interest owing to its significant advantages in label free, multiplex, and ultrasensitive molecule detection. Liu et al. report SERS biosensing applications using nanocapsule structures with densely distributed Ag nanoparticles on the surfaces. Applications of electric fields on microelectrodes in a microfluidic chamber result in the nanocapsules to be aligned into ordered arrays while simultaneously concentrating molecules and enhancing SERS sensitivity. This work demonstrates an interesting approach to achieve local deterministic and ultrasensitive biochemical detections in a highly controllable and efficient manner. 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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This special section of ASME Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine focuses on reporting state-of-the-art nanoscale materials, devices, and systems for advanced biosensing, biomanipulation, and biofabrication. Such nanoscale materials, devices, and systems can be organic, inorganic, and hybrid, and their applications for advanced biosensing, biomanipulation, and biofabrication have generated significant impact for important biology and biomedical applications. Nanotechnology has seen rapid progress in recent years, with advanced capabilities to generate and manipulate precisely engineered nanoscale organic and inorganic materials and their assemblies pointing toward the emergence of disruptive functionalities for diverse biological and biomedical applications. Furthermore, nanofabricated devices and systems such as nanofluidics, nanoelectromechanical systems, and nanophotonic structures with critical dimensions comparable to the molecular scale open up new possibilities for direct observation, manipulation, and analysis of biomolecules, thus providing a novel basis for ultrasensitive and high-resolution sensors and diagnostic systems. Nanoscale surface patterning tools for precisely controlling biomoleculeand cell-surface interactions and nanotools such as atomic force microscopy and optical and magnetic tweezers are also extremely powerful for controlling cell fate and function and studying molecular and cellular biomechanics. The following small but diverse selection of articles from different nanotechnology research areas describes current important topics of nanobiotechnology that we believe to be interesting, informative, and educational for the reader. An ongoing important research direction using nanotechnology is the sorting, enrichment, and informative analysis of rare cells from bodily fluids including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), antigen-specific T-cells, and hematopoietic stem cells. Highsensitivity sorting, detection, and analysis of such extremely rare cells can provide critical information for disease diagnosis and prognosis and advancing fundamental cellular understanding of physiological and pathological conditions. Qian et al. provide a concise review of the recent advance of using functional nanotopographic biomaterials for isolation of CTCs from blood specimens and their related nanofabrication methods. Qian et al. further discuss putative cellular mechanisms involving cell adhesion underlying the intrinsic nanotopography sensitive responses of CTCs. Another review contributed by Lee et al. provides a concise review of recent advances in micro/nanotechnology to improve the method of micropipette aspiration for applications in molecular and cellular biomechanics. Another emerging research area of nanotechnology is to develop synthetic nanostructured materials and surfaces for engineering control of cell-surface interactions and cell fate. In this issue, Han et al. report a method of generating single-crystalline nanoporous gallium nitride (GaN) thin films with tunable pore sizes ranging from 20 to 100 nm. Surface nanotopographies with critical size dimensions comparable to cell adhesion structures can influence cell adhesion and more importantly downstream intracellular adhesion-mediated signaling that is important for cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Importantly, Han et al. report that human mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate the maximum osteogenic differentiation when seeded on GaN nanoporous substrates with a mean pore size of 30 nm, which is correlated with their optimal cell spreading, strongly supporting that cell adhesion, spreading, and stem cell differentiation are interconnected. In this issue, Yi and Zhao provide an interesting study to examine the effect of nanoparticles on subzero biotransport phenomena of living cells, which is of significant importance for the application of nanotechnology in the field of cryobiology. In another paper, Goldberg et al. describe the development of a novel nanoparticle-embedded chitosan sponge for topical and local administration of chemotherapeutic agents. Such nanoscale material-based drug delivery tools can have great advantages in reducing systemic toxicity while increasing treatment efficacy. In the perspective of the application of nanotechnology for biosensing, relevant to cell signaling and biomarker detection, surface enhance Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has attracted intensive interest owing to its significant advantages in label free, multiplex, and ultrasensitive molecule detection. Liu et al. report SERS biosensing applications using nanocapsule structures with densely distributed Ag nanoparticles on the surfaces. Applications of electric fields on microelectrodes in a microfluidic chamber result in the nanocapsules to be aligned into ordered arrays while simultaneously concentrating molecules and enhancing SERS sensitivity. This work demonstrates an interesting approach to achieve local deterministic and ultrasensitive biochemical detections in a highly controllable and efficient manner. This themed section of ASME Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine focusing on nanotechnology for biology and biomedical applications presents a collection of manuscripts selected in the spirit of demonstrating the power of interdisciplinary nanotechnology research enabling advanced biosensing and engineered control of cell–biomaterial interactions. Sincerely, we hope that you will enjoy reading this themed section.
纳米材料、器件和系统用于生物传感、生物操纵和生物制造
美国机械工程师学会(ASME)《工程与医学纳米技术杂志》的这一特别部分着重报道用于先进生物传感、生物操纵和生物制造的最先进的纳米材料、设备和系统。这些纳米材料、器件和系统可以是有机的、无机的和混合的,它们在高级生物传感、生物操纵和生物制造方面的应用已经对重要的生物学和生物医学应用产生了重大影响。近年来,纳米技术取得了迅速的进展,其先进的能力可以产生和操纵精确工程的纳米级有机和无机材料及其组件,为各种生物和生物医学应用指明了破坏性功能的出现。此外,纳米制造的设备和系统,如纳米流体、纳米机电系统和纳米光子结构,具有与分子尺度相当的临界尺寸,为直接观察、操作和分析生物分子开辟了新的可能性,从而为超灵敏和高分辨率的传感器和诊断系统提供了新的基础。用于精确控制生物分子和细胞表面相互作用的纳米级表面图像化工具,以及原子力显微镜、光学和磁性镊子等纳米工具,在控制细胞命运和功能以及研究分子和细胞生物力学方面也非常强大。以下是来自不同纳米技术研究领域的小而多样的文章选择,描述了当前纳米生物技术的重要主题,我们认为这些主题对读者来说是有趣的、信息丰富的和有教育意义的。一个正在进行的重要研究方向是利用纳米技术对体液中的稀有细胞进行分选、富集和信息分析,包括循环肿瘤细胞(ctc)、抗原特异性t细胞和造血干细胞。这种极其罕见的细胞的高灵敏度分选、检测和分析可以为疾病诊断和预后提供关键信息,并推进对生理和病理条件的基本细胞理解。Qian等人简要回顾了使用功能纳米形貌生物材料从血液标本中分离ctc的最新进展及其相关的纳米制造方法。Qian等人进一步讨论了ctc固有的纳米形貌敏感反应中涉及细胞粘附的假定细胞机制。Lee等人撰写的另一篇综述简要回顾了微/纳米技术的最新进展,以改进微吸管吸吸方法在分子和细胞生物力学中的应用。纳米技术的另一个新兴研究领域是开发用于细胞表面相互作用和细胞命运工程控制的合成纳米结构材料和表面。在这一期中,Han等人报道了一种生成单晶纳米多孔氮化镓(GaN)薄膜的方法,其孔径可调范围为20至100 nm。具有与细胞粘附结构相当的临界尺寸的表面纳米形貌可以影响细胞粘附,更重要的是影响下游细胞内粘附介导的信号传导,这对细胞存活、增殖和分化非常重要。重要的是,Han等人报道,人间充质干细胞在平均孔径为30 nm的GaN纳米孔基质上表现出最大的成骨分化,这与它们的最佳细胞扩散相关,有力地支持了细胞粘附、扩散和干细胞分化是相互关联的。在这篇文章中,Yi和Zhao提供了一项有趣的研究,研究纳米颗粒对活细胞低温生物转运现象的影响,这对纳米技术在低温生物学领域的应用具有重要意义。在另一篇论文中,Goldberg等人描述了一种新型纳米颗粒嵌入壳聚糖海绵的发展,用于局部和局部给药化疗药物。这种基于纳米材料的给药工具在降低全身毒性的同时提高治疗效果方面具有很大的优势。从纳米技术在生物传感中的应用角度来看,与细胞信号传导和生物标志物检测相关,表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱由于其在无标记、多重和超灵敏分子检测方面的显著优势而引起了人们的广泛关注。Liu等人报道了使用表面密集分布银纳米颗粒的纳米胶囊结构的SERS生物传感应用。在微流控室的微电极上施加电场导致纳米胶囊排列成有序阵列,同时集中分子并提高SERS灵敏度。 这项工作展示了一种有趣的方法,以高度可控和高效的方式实现局部确定性和超灵敏的生化检测。ASME《工程与医学纳米技术杂志》的这一主题部分聚焦于纳米技术在生物学和生物医学领域的应用,展示了一系列手稿,这些手稿是本着展示跨学科纳米技术研究的力量的精神挑选出来的,这些研究能够实现先进的生物传感和细胞-生物材料相互作用的工程控制。真诚地,我们希望你会喜欢阅读这个主题部分。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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