X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Kraft Lignins and Lignin-Derived Carbon Nanofibers

Journal of nanotechnology in engineering and medicine Pub Date : 2014-05-01 DOI:10.1115/1.4028300

A. Goudarzi, Li-Ting Lin, F. Ko

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引用次数: 62

Abstract

Lignin is a renewable material and it is abundantly available as low priced industrial residue. Lignin-based carbon fibers are economically attractive and sustainable. In addition, remarkably oxidized molecule of the lignin decreases the required time and temperature of the thermostabilization process compared to other carbon fiber precursors such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN); and thus, decreases the processing cost of carbon fiber production. The fraction 4 of softwood Kraft lignin (SKL-F4) was previously shown to be spinnable via electrospinning to produce carbon nanofibers. In this paper, we characterized different Kraft lignin powders through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to measure the mean size of the ordered domains in different fractionations of softwood and hardwood samples. According to our results, SKL-F4 has largest ordered domains among SKLs and highest hydroxyl content according to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. In addition, variations in the XRD patterns during carbon nanofiber formation were studied and the peak for (101) plane in graphite was observed in the carbon nanofiber carbonized at 1000 °C.

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硫酸盐木质素及其衍生碳纳米纤维的x射线衍射分析

木质素是一种可再生材料，作为廉价的工业废渣有着丰富的资源。木质素基碳纤维具有经济上的吸引力和可持续性。此外，与聚丙烯腈(PAN)等其他碳纤维前驱体相比，木质素的氧化分子显著减少了热稳定过程所需的时间和温度;从而降低了碳纤维生产的加工成本。软木硫酸盐木质素(SKL-F4)的馏分4已被证明可通过静电纺丝制备纳米碳纤维。本文通过x射线衍射(XRD)分析对不同硫酸盐木质素粉末进行了表征，测量了不同针叶和硬木样品中有序畴的平均尺寸。傅里叶红外(FTIR)分析结果表明，SKL-F4在skl中具有最大的有序结构域和最高的羟基含量。此外，研究了碳纳米纤维形成过程中XRD谱图的变化，在1000℃炭化的碳纳米纤维中观察到石墨中的(101)平面峰。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Journal of nanotechnology in engineering and medicine

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