Epilogue: Colonial Legacies, Postcolonial Predicaments

IF 0.8 4区 教育学 Q1 HISTORY
C. Richard King
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Sport in the Pacific, as the contributions to this special issue have clearly illustrated, cannot be understood without a thorough understanding of imperialism and its lasting impacts. This has proven especially true for indigenous peoples. Colonial agents, ranging from administrators to missionaries—routinely misunderstood indigenous sporting practices and regularly worked to end them. At the same time, European athletic pursuits were seized upon as a means to social indigenous peoples, offering the discipline and enculturation necessary to civilize cultures deemed savage. Ironically perhaps, sport reinforced prevailing images and interpretations, precisely because its corporeality demonstrated its proponents believed the truism of their race-based distinctions. As such, sport became crucial to the establishment of social boundaries and racial hierarchies, encouraging the exclusion of brown bodies from white spaces and from emerging white settler states. Even as they sought to marginalize indigenous peoples, settlers made a habit of taking and remaking their practices (such as surfing and haka) for power, pleasure, and profit no less than for the claims on place and to identity it offered them. Importantly, in the wake of the Second World War and quickened by freedom struggles locally and globally, a decolonial moment opened and with it the possibilities of sport changed radically. Rather than civilize indigenous peoples (whatever that might mean), sport opened significant sites to challenge the prevailing imperial order and its racial logics and to formulate novel identities that empowered previously marginalized communities. Across Australia, New Zealand/Aotearoa, and the United States, sport played a key role in causing this break and in the manner that native and settler communities would work to come to terms with it. While multiculturalism came to prevail in distinct forms in each of these settler states, racism directed at indigenous people did not go away so much as it was recoded, moved back stage, or redirected: the struggles of P akeh a in New Zealand/Aotearoa to come to terms with M aori in rugby, the racism that persists in recruiting Aboriginal Australian footballers in Australia, and the exploitation of Polynesian bodies and
后记:殖民遗产,后殖民困境
正如本期特刊的投稿清楚表明的那样,如果不彻底了解帝国主义及其持久影响,就无法理解太平洋体育。事实证明,土著人民尤其如此。殖民代理人,从行政人员到传教士,经常误解土著的体育活动,并定期努力结束它们。与此同时,欧洲人的运动追求被视为一种社会土著民族的手段,提供了必要的纪律和文化修养,使被视为野蛮的文化文明化。也许具有讽刺意味的是,体育强化了流行的形象和解释,正是因为它的形体证明了它的支持者相信基于种族的区别是不言而喻的。因此,体育成为建立社会界限和种族等级的关键,鼓励将棕色身体排除在白人空间和新兴白人移民国家之外。即使他们试图将土著人民边缘化,定居者也养成了一种习惯,即为了权力、快乐和利益而采取和改造他们的做法(比如冲浪和哈卡舞),而不仅仅是为了对地方的要求和它给他们带来的身份认同。重要的是,在第二次世界大战之后,随着地方和全球自由斗争的加速,一个非殖民化的时刻开始了,体育的可能性也随之发生了根本性的变化。体育并没有教化土著人民(不管这意味着什么),而是为挑战当时盛行的帝国秩序及其种族逻辑,形成赋予以前被边缘化的社区权力的新身份,开辟了重要的场所。在澳大利亚、新西兰、新西兰和美国,体育在造成这种分裂方面发挥了关键作用,并使土著和移民社区努力接受这种分裂。虽然多元文化主义以不同的形式在这些移民州盛行,但针对土著人民的种族主义并没有消失,而是被重新记录、移回舞台或重新定向:新西兰/奥特亚瓦的P akeh a在橄榄球场上与毛利人达成协议的斗争,在澳大利亚招募澳大利亚土著足球运动员时坚持的种族主义,以及对波利尼西亚人身体和身体的剥削
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
33.30%
发文量
85
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