The Norse Waterways of West Mainland Orkney, Scotland

Q1 Arts and Humanities

Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI:10.1080/14732971.2020.1800281

C. Richard Bates, M. Bates, B. Crawford, A. Sanmark, J. Whittaker

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引用次数: 2

Abstract

ABSTRACT Norse place-names for farms, individual landscape features and general landscape areas are ubiquitous throughout the Orkney Islands. These have an origin during the mediaeval period AD790–1350 when Orkney was ruled by Scandinavian earls. The oldest referenced maps for the parish of Harray (West Mainland, Orkney) suggests that in the past significant waterways crossed wetlands extending between the Loch of Harray and Houseby in an area associated with the earldom power base at Birsay. Subsequent drainage projects, changes in climate and sea level have since resulted in the loss of the waterways. An investigation of the wetlands using geophysical and geological analysis provided a reconstruction of the palaeo-environments. Comparison with place-names of significance allowed interpretation of possible routeways along navigable waters by shallow-draught Viking-Age vessels. The results allow for re-drawing the map of Norse Orkney and postulation of produce transfer corridors from estates in the south to the power centre at Birsay.

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苏格兰奥克尼岛西大陆的北欧水道

在整个奥克尼群岛，挪威语对农场、个别景观特征和一般景观区域的地名随处可见。这些都起源于公元790 - 1350年的中世纪时期，当时奥克尼由斯堪的纳维亚伯爵统治。Harray教区(奥克尼群岛西部大陆)最古老的参考地图表明，在过去，重要的水道穿过Harray湖和豪斯比之间延伸的湿地，这一地区与Birsay的伯爵权力基地有关。随后的排水工程、气候和海平面的变化导致了水道的流失。利用地球物理和地质分析对湿地进行了调查，重建了古环境。与具有重要意义的地名进行比较，可以让维京时代的浅吃水船只沿着通航水域解释可能的航线。结果允许重新绘制北奥克尼地图，并假设从南部庄园到Birsay权力中心的农产品转移走廊。

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来源期刊

Journal of Wetland Archaeology Arts and Humanities-Archeology (arts and humanities)

CiteScore

1.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of Wetland Archaeology publishes a wide range of contributions in all fields of wetland archaeology. It includes scientific and methodological features, geoprospection, environmental reconstruction, wetland hydrology, cultural aspects of wetland archaeology, as well as conservation, site management, legislation, and site protection. All periods and all geographic regions are covered.