Effects of Chronic Stress of Cadmium and Lead on Anatomical Structure of Tobacco Roots

Agricultural Sciences in China Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI:10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60195-8

Zu-li YUAN , Shu-ping XIONG , Chun-ming LI , Xin-ming MA

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引用次数: 15

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd²⁺) is one of the major widespread environmental pollutants, and can cause serious problems to all organisms. Lead (Pb²⁺) is another wide spread dangerous heavy metal. Tobacco is a popular growing economic crop in China. Most tobacco growing region soils contain excessive Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺. To assess anatomic changes of tobacco roots under Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Cd²⁺+Pb²⁺ chronic stress, a pot experiment was carried out in field. The tobacco seedlings with 6 leaves were transplanted to pots in which soil was placed. The amounts of Cd²⁺ added to soil were 0, 3, 6, 10, 30, 60, and 100 mg kg⁻¹ dry soil. The amounts of Pb²⁺ added to soil were 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, and 1 000 mg kg⁻¹ dry soil. The amounts of Cd²⁺+Pb²⁺ added to soil were 0+0, 3+150, 6+300, 10+450, 30+600, 60+750, and 100+1 000 mg kg⁻¹ dry soil. The contents of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ in root systems were determined by inductively coupled plasma, and the anatomical structure was studied by method of paraffin sectioning. The results revealed that the amounts of exchangeable Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ and carbonate bound Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ in soil increased with the amounts of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ added to soil, and the contents of both Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ in roots were significantly increased along with stress time and the amounts of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ added to soil. The growing of tobacco in Cd²⁺ and Cd²⁺+Pb²⁺ polluted soil for 50, 100, and 150 d resulted in some abnormal external morphological and anatomical changes in ripe region of lateral roots. All the abnormal roots had abnormal vascular cylinders, and the ratio of abnormal external morphological and anatomical changes of roots positively correlated with the Cd²⁺ contents in roots and stress time. While, there were no abnormal external morphological and anatomical changes of roots under Pb²⁺ stress. It was suggested that Cd²⁺ stress could cause abnormal anatomic changes of roots, but Pb²⁺ stress could not.

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镉、铅慢性胁迫对烟草根系解剖结构的影响

摘要镉(Cd2+)是广泛存在的主要环境污染物之一，对所有生物都有严重的危害。铅(Pb2+)是另一种广泛传播的危险重金属。烟草在中国是一种受欢迎的经济作物。大多数烟草种植区土壤含有过量的Cd2+和Pb2+。为了研究Cd2+、Pb2+和Cd2++Pb2+慢性胁迫下烟草根系的解剖变化，在田间进行了盆栽试验。将6叶烟苗移栽到有土壤的花盆中。土壤中Cd2+的添加量分别为0、3、6、10、30、60和100 mg kg−1干土。土壤中Pb2+的添加量分别为0、150、300、450、600、750和1 000 mg kg−1干土。土壤中Cd2++Pb2+的添加量分别为0+0、3+150、6+300、10+450、30+600、60+750和100+1 000 mg kg−1干土。采用电感耦合等离子体法测定了根中Cd2+和Pb2+的含量，并用石蜡切片法研究了根的解剖结构。结果表明，土壤中可交换性Cd2+、Pb2+和碳酸盐结合Cd2+、Pb2+含量随土壤Cd2+和Pb2+添加量的增加而增加，根系中Cd2+、Pb2+含量随胁迫时间和土壤中Cd2+、Pb2+添加量的增加而显著增加。烟草在Cd2+和Cd2++Pb2+污染土壤中生长50、100和150 d，侧根成熟区出现了一些异常的外部形态和解剖变化。所有异常根均有异常维管柱，根系外部形态和解剖变化的异常比例与根内Cd2+含量和胁迫时间呈正相关。而在Pb2+胁迫下，根的外部形态和解剖结构未发生异常变化。提示Cd2+胁迫可引起根的异常解剖变化，而Pb2+胁迫则不会引起根的异常解剖变化。

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来源期刊

Agricultural Sciences in China AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

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审稿时长

3.2 months