Li-mei ZHAI, Hong-bin LIU, Ji-zong ZHANG, Jing HUANG, Bo-ren WANG
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引用次数: 84
Abstract
A long-term field experiment was established to determine the influence of mineral fertilizer and organic manure on soil fertility. A tract of red soil (Ferralic Cambisol) in Qiyang Red Soil Experimental Station (Qiyang County, Hunan Province, China) was fertilized beginning in 1990 and N2O and CO2 were examined during the maize and wheat growth season of 2007–2008. The study involved five treatments: organic manure (NPKM), fertilizer NPK (NPK), fertilizer NP (NP), fertilizer NK (NK), and control (CK). Manured soils had higher crop biomass, organic C, and pH than soils receiving the various mineralized fertilizers indicating that long-term application of manures could efficiently prevent red soil acidification and increase crop productivity. The application of manures and fertilizers at a rate of 300 kg N ha−1 yr−1 obviously increased N2O and CO2 emissions from 0.58 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1 and 10 565 kg C ha−1 yr−1 in the CK treatment soil to 3.01 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1 and 28 663 kg C ha−1 yr−1 in the NPKM treatment. There were also obvious different effects on N2O and CO2 emissions between applying fertilizer and manure. More N2O and CO2 released during the 184-d maize growing season than the 125-d wheat growth season in the manure fertilized soils but not in mineral fertilizer treatments. N2O emission was significantly affected by soil moisture only during the wheat growing season, and CO2 emission was affected by soil temperature only in CK and NP treatment during the wheat and maize growing season. In sum, this study indicates the application of organic manure may be a preferred strategy for maintaining red soil productivity, but may result in greater N2O and CO2 emissions than treatments only with mineral fertilizer.
摘要通过长期田间试验，研究了矿肥和有机肥对土壤肥力的影响。在中国湖南省祁阳县祁阳红壤试验站，从1990年开始对一块红壤(Ferralic Cambisol)进行施肥，并在2007-2008年玉米和小麦生长季对N2O和CO2进行了测定。试验包括有机肥(NPKM)、氮磷钾(NPK)、氮肥(NP)、氮肥(NK)和对照(CK) 5个处理。与不同矿化肥料相比，施用有机肥的红壤具有较高的作物生物量、有机碳和pH值，说明长期施用有机肥能有效防止红壤酸化，提高作物生产力。施用300 kg N / h - 1 yr - 1的粪肥显著增加了N2O和CO2的排放量，从CK处理的0.58 kg N2O-N / h - 1年- 1和10 565 kg C / h - 1年- 1增加到NPKM处理的3.01 kg N2O-N / h - 1年- 1和28 663 kg C / h - 1年- 1。氮肥和有机肥对N2O和CO2排放的影响也存在明显差异。有机肥处理184 d玉米生长季释放的N2O和CO2高于125 d小麦生长季，而矿物肥处理则相反。土壤湿度对N2O排放的影响仅在小麦生长季显著;土壤温度对CO2排放的影响仅在小麦和玉米生长季显著。综上所述，本研究表明施用有机肥可能是保持红壤生产力的首选策略，但与仅施用矿肥相比，施用有机肥可能导致更多的N2O和CO2排放。
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