Chemical characteristics of particulate matters and their emission sources over Varanasi during winter season

IF 3 4区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-05-30 DOI:10.1007/s10874-020-09405-6

Vineet Pratap, Akhilesh Kumar, Shani Tiwari, Pradeep Kumar, Avneesh Kumar Tripathi, Abhay Kumar Singh

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引用次数: 20

Abstract

The chemical composition of particulate matter impacts both human health and climate. In this study, the chemical characteristics of particulate matter was measured for four months (November 2016–February 2017) at Varanasi, which is located in the middle of the Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB). The daily observed mean values of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 are 134?±?48 and 213?±?80?μg/m³, respectively, which exceeds both national and international standards. The average value of PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio is 0.64?±?0.16 which indicates a relatively higher fraction of fine particles that are attributed to anthropogenic emission sources (biomass/post-harvest burning) as corroborated by MODIS fire counts and back trajectory analysis. Ion chromatographic measurements showed that SO₄^2?, Cl^?, K⁺, NO₃^?, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ are the major ionic species present in the aerosol. Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM–EDX) analysis shows the prevalence of carbon-rich particles at Varanasi which is likely due to biomass burning and other anthropogenic sources.

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冬季瓦拉纳西地区颗粒物化学特征及其排放源

颗粒物的化学成分影响着人类健康和气候。在这项研究中，在位于印度恒河盆地(IGB)中部的瓦拉纳西(Varanasi)测量了四个月(2016年11月至2017年2月)的颗粒物化学特征。PM10和PM2.5的日观测平均值为134±?48和213±80?μg/m3，均超过国家和国际标准。PM2.5/PM10的平均值为0.64±0.16，这表明MODIS火灾计数和反轨迹分析证实了相对较高的细颗粒物归因于人为排放源(生物质/收获后燃烧)。离子色谱测定表明，SO42?, Cl ?k +， no3 ?， Na+， Ca2+， Mg2+是气溶胶中主要的离子种类。扫描电子显微镜与能量色散x射线(SEM-EDX)分析显示，瓦拉纳西富碳颗粒的普遍存在可能是由于生物质燃烧和其他人为来源。

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来源期刊

Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 地学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

5.00%

发文量

审稿时长

7.5 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is devoted to the study of the chemistry of the Earth''s atmosphere, the emphasis being laid on the region below about 100 km. The strongly interdisciplinary nature of atmospheric chemistry means that it embraces a great variety of sciences, but the journal concentrates on the following topics: Observational, interpretative and modelling studies of the composition of air and precipitation and the physiochemical processes in the Earth''s atmosphere, excluding air pollution problems of local importance only. The role of the atmosphere in biogeochemical cycles; the chemical interaction of the oceans, land surface and biosphere with the atmosphere. Laboratory studies of the mechanics in homogeneous and heterogeneous transformation processes in the atmosphere. Descriptions of major advances in instrumentation developed for the measurement of atmospheric composition and chemical properties.